Simulation and Experimental Research on Pin Insulator Incipient Fault Dynamic Characteristic in the Distribution Network
Yu Ying1, Liu Yadong1, Li Wei2, Cong Zihan1, Yan Yingjie1
1. School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China; 2. Yunnan Grid Electric Power Research Institute Yunnan Power Gird Co. Ltd Kunming 650217 China
Abstract Pin insulators are widely used in distribution lines, and the faults caused by them account for about 10%. The thin porcelain between the top groove and the iron feet is prone to cause crack faults. Crack faults are high-resistance ground faults with low current amplitude, which will not trigger protection devices, it has self-clearing characteristics. We call it incipient fault of pin insulators, and one of its typical features is intermittent arcing. The high temperature and thermal stress generated by arc cause irreversible damage to the porcelain, thus the incipient faults gradually transform into permanent faults. Timely detecting the hidden dangers before the permanent failure is the key to lower the fault rate of the distribution lines. In order to realize the pre-fault prevention, the primary work is to research the incipient fault development process and extract the unique characteristics of the pin insulators’ incipient fault. The paper explores the dynamic development process and waveform characteristics of pin insulator incipient faults by theoretical exploration, simulation and experiment. Arcing and extinction occur alternately inside the crack of the pin insulator according to the theory of arc re-ignition. The mechanism of external discharge on the surface of the insulator is similar to that of the internal discharge inside the crack, but there are differences in the dynamic development of the arc. The speed of arc development is decided by comparing the time it takes for a partial arc to develop into a flashover. The shorter time it takes, the arc develops faster. The development speed of the internal discharge is much faster than that of the external discharge. The property of the two electrodes of the pin insulator discharge is quite different, which cause the differences of the positive and negative arcs in the fault.We establish multi-physics model of arc by COMSOL to obtain the dynamic development process of arc, temperature distribution, electro-magnetic field distribution and current and voltage waveforms. The different characteristics of internal discharge and external discharge arc are compared to get unique characteristics, which are consistent with the theoretical analysis. In addition, we simplify the three-phase system into a single-phase circuit, and build an artificial test platform. The pin insulator sample is placed in an artificial climate chamber for testing, the collected current and voltage waveforms verify the simulation results. Based on Magnetic Hydro Dynamics arc simulations and validation experiments, we get several characteristics of pin insulators’ incipient faults. ① Crack faults occurs in rainy and foggy weather, arc burn and extinguish alternately inside the crack, and waveforms of current and voltage conform to this feature. ② It takes a short time for the internal arc forming the flashover in the crack, thus the current change ratio at the instant of the flashover is much higher than that of the external discharge, which provides an idea for incipient fault identification. ③ The fault has an obvious polarity effect. At the same gap distance, when the aluminum wire is at a positive voltage, the gap is more likely to be broken down compared with the negative voltage applied to the aluminum wire. The research results provide a guidance for the detection and identification of pin insulators’ incipient fault.
Yu Ying,Liu Yadong,Li Wei等. Simulation and Experimental Research on Pin Insulator Incipient Fault Dynamic Characteristic in the Distribution Network[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(1): 71-82.
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