基于暂态零序导纳轨迹几何特征的谐振接地配电网高阻接地故障选线方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.251724

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Abstract

High-impedance grounding faults (HIGFs) in resonant-grounded distribution networks are difficult to detect because the fault current is weak, highly nonlinear, and easily masked by system noise or load unbalance. Traditional fault feeder selection methods based on steady-state quantities or single-parameter thresholds often fail under such conditions. To address these challenges, a fault feeder selection method based on the geometric features of transient zero-sequence admittance trajectories is proposed.
To ensure the precise capture of transient signals, a fault startup criterion combining Mallat wavelet decomposition and the Teager energy operator is established. A 20 ms detection window is utilized to lock the fault onset time and trigger the subsequent analysis. The instantaneous phasors of zero-sequence voltage and current were obtained through a sliding-window fast Fourier transform (FFT) over five power-frequency cycles. These phasors are mapped onto the complex plane to construct dynamic admittance trajectories. Two rotation-invariant geometric parameters, the trajectory length (L_k) and displacement length (D_k), were extracted to describe the dynamic evolution of the fault response. The L_k quantifies the fluctuation intensity, while D_k represents the net variation, utilizing the integral smoothing effect of the geometric path to suppress high-frequency noise.
On this basis, a three-stage diagnostic framework was established. In the first stage, pairwise trajectory-difference analysis was applied to distinguish feeder faults from busbar faults. A difference matrix is constructed based on the relative outlier degree of transient behaviors. The coefficient of variation (CV) and the maximum-to-mean ratio (MMR) of the feature distribution serve as statistical indicators. Optimized via the Youden index, specific thresholds are set to identify system heterogeneity caused by branch faults. In the second stage, principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to fuse multi-feature information adaptively. Based on the Pearson correlation coefficient between L_k and D_k, the method automatically selects between weighted arithmetic and geometric means to generate a Fused Fault Index (FFI), positioning the candidate faulty line. In the third stage, a normalized accumulated curvature (NAC) index was designed to resolve diagnostic conflicts in marginal scenarios, such as under-compensation conditions where healthy line currents increase. The NAC utilizes vector cross-products to measure the rotational consistency of admittance trajectories. Healthy feeders exhibit unidirectional rotation (NAC ≈ 1), whereas faulty feeders display disordered bidirectional rotation (NAC ≈ 0).
The proposed method was verified through laboratory experiments on a 10 kV real-type experimental platform, PSCAD/EMTDC simulations, and field data from a 110 kV substation. Results from the physical platform showed that the method maintained 100% accuracy for transition resistances up to 2000 Ω and 96% accuracy at 3000 Ω. Simulation tests demonstrated that the accuracy remained above 98% even under extreme conditions, such as a 6000 Ω fault at the end of a 30 km line. Crucially, the method exhibited strict immunity to Zero-Sequence Current Transformer (ZCT) polarity reversal due to the rotational invariance of the geometric features, achieving 100% accuracy in polarity error tests. Additionally, the approach showed robustness against varying arc physical properties and compensation modes.
In conclusion, this study establishes a unified geometric framework for analyzing transient fault characteristics. The results demonstrate that the trajectory-based admittance analysis, combined with morphological curvature indicators, provides a resilient solution for HIGF detection, independent of precise phase synchronization or specific compensation states.

Key words： High-impedance grounding fault faulty feeder selection transient zero-sequence admittance geometric features of trajectories normalized accumulated curvature (NAC)

Received: 09 October 2025

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	Zhong Xilin
	Gao Wei
	Li Xiaofang
	Yang Gengjie

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Zhong Xilin,Gao Wei,Li Xiaofang等. A Fault Feeder Selection Method for High-Impedance Grounding Faults in Resonant-Grounded Distribution Networks Based on Geometric Features of Transient Zero-Sequence Admittance Trajectories[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 12-.

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