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| Modeling of Two Degrees of Freedom Direct-Drive Wind-Wave Combined Power Generation System |
| Nie Rui, Zhang Hao, Wei Yanqi, Li Zhongwen, Si Jikai |
| School of Electrical and Information Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China |
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Abstract Wind energy and wave energy have high energy density and strong predictability, and have gradually become a research hotspot of new energy power generation. However, when wind and wave energy are generated independently, building separate pile foundation platforms is costly and has low power density. The offshore wind-and-wave combined energy conversion (WWCEC) system improves power density and reduces development costs by comprehensively utilizing wind and wave energy. The traditional WWCEC system generates power using multiple independent generators or couples energy via mechanical devices. The former system has a large volume, a high sea-area occupancy rate, and high construction costs. The latter has a complex transmission structure, resulting in significant efficiency losses and maintenance issues.
This paper proposes a new direct-drive WWCEC system based on a two-degree-of-freedom linear rotary generator (LRG) that enables direct-drive integrated power generation from both wind and wave energy. Firstly, this paper develops an LRG mathematical model as the core energy-conversion device for the two- degree-of-freedom direct-drive wind-wave combined power generation system, serving as the basis for the entire system. A prototype was fabricated, and an experimental platform was built for testing. The test results are compared with the finite element analysis and the mathematical model outputs. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results, which demonstrates the accuracy and reliability of the LRG modeling. At the same time, it partially verifies the effectiveness of the proposed wind-wave combined power generation system for the integrated development of wind and wave energy.
Secondly, this paper designs a complete set of microgrid topologies for the new direct-drive WWCEC system and develops mathematical models for each component. Then, by combining the control strategies for each part, a simulation model is built to verify the system's operational stability under switching conditions and load variations. The simulation results show that the sinusoidal waveforms of voltage and current at the system output are good, and that the total harmonic distortion and current frequency fluctuation meet the grid-connected standard, indicating excellent dynamic stability.
In summary, this paper innovatively employs a two-degree-of-freedom generator to integrate offshore wind and wave energy into a unified power-generation architecture. The proposed system achieves a 49.75% higher annual power density and a 7.05% lower levelized electricity cost than the traditional offshore wind-wave power generation system. Its design concept offers a new engineering implementation path for large-scale offshore wind and wave energy development, particularly for island power supply and marine ranching applications.
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Received: 09 October 2025
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2026, Vol. 41 
