|
|
|
| Design of High Coupling Coefficient Air-Core Tesla Transformer for Compact Pulse Drive Source |
| Jiang Jinbo1, Jiang Mingyue1, Ren Yingjie2, Fang Chunhua1, Qiu Li1 |
1. College of Electrical Engineering and New Energy China Three Gorges University Yichang 443002 China;
2. State Grid Chongqing Electric Power Company Wanzhou Power Supply Branch Chongqing 404100 China |
|
|
|
Abstract The air-core Tesla transformer, with advantages of compact structure and good adaptability to repetitive operation, facilitates the compact design of pulse drivers. However, due to its coreless structure and insulation constraints of primary and secondary windings, the coupling coefficient(k) is low, resulting in low energy transfer efficiency of the air-core Tesla transformer. To improve its energy transfer efficiency, this paper uses a double-straight-cylinder coaxial structure for the primary and secondary windings instead of the traditional conical structure of the secondary winding. By optimizing the insulation distance between the primary and secondary windings, while ensuring insulation safety, the k of the air-core Tesla transformer is increased, achieving k≥0.85, and the performance requirements of the compact pulse drive source are met: when the primary is charged at 2 kV, the secondary output voltage U2>53 kV, and the energy transfer efficiency η>40%.
Analysis of Tesla transformer's resonant charging process shows voltage gain and energy transfer efficiency are related to detuning coefficient α, k, and effective quality factor Qe. Voltage gain increases with increasing α and Qe; η increases with increasing k, and first increases then decreases with α. For the Tesla transformer's target parameters, when Qe=6, α=2, k≥0.85, the voltage gain greater than 1 and η>40%, meeting the design requirements. The detuning coefficient can be adjusted from external circuit parameters, so the focus is on improving the transformer's coupling coefficient. The double-straight-cylinder coaxial structure for the primary and secondary windings achieves a compact design while also improving its coupling coefficient. The coupling coefficient is related to the transformer's aspect ratio (β=l0/r2, where l0 is the height of primary and secondary windings, r2 is the secondary winding radius) and radius ratio (d=r1/r2, where r1 is the primary winding radius). With β fixed, k decreases as d increases. With d fixed, k increases with β, but remains almost unchanged when β>3. Thus, d=1.1 and β=3 were determined, the theoretical value of k is 0.908.
Based on the structural parameters of the air-core Tesla transformer, a field-circuit coupling simulation model was established, and the shielding structure at the high-voltage end of its secondary winding was optimized to improve electric field distribution, with a built-in aluminum strip shielding structure, the electric field strength can be reduced below the breakdown threshold of insulating materials.
A spiral air-core Tesla transformer with the turns ratio of 7:230 was developed, the Experiments show that its k>0.87, when the primary is charged at 2 kV, the secondary output voltage reaches 55.8 kV, and the η is 44.5%. When the transformer is charged at 2.2 kV, the transformer can operate 100 times continuously at 5 Hz without insulation breakdown. When α is reduced from 2.24 to 1.80, η can be increased to 54.7%, and the transformation ratio is 26.3, which still achieves the output voltage parameters. The designed air-core Tesla transformer has high coupling coefficient and energy transfer efficiency, safe insulation, compact structure, and stable performance. It has been applied to a compact pulse drive source system.
|
|
Received: 10 August 2025
|
|
|
|
|
|
[1] 钱宝良. 国外高功率微波技术的研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 真空电子技术, 2015(2): 2-7.
Qian Baoliang.The research status and developing tendency of high power microwave technology in foreign countries[J]. Vacuum Electronics, 2015(2): 2-7.
[2] Mesyats G A, Korovin S D, Gunin A V, et al.Repetitively pulsed high-current accelerators with transformer charging of forming lines[J]. Laser and Particle Beams, 2003, 21(2): 197-209.
[3] Mesyats G A, Korovin S D, Rostov V V, et al.The RADAN series of compact pulsed power generators and their applications[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2004, 92(7): 1166-1179.
[4] 耿玖源, 杨建华, 舒挺, 等. 10GW甘油介质双螺旋Blumlein脉冲形成线[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2023, 35(6): 114-122.
Geng Jiuyuan, Yang Jianhua, Shu Ting, et al.10 GW dual-spiral Blumlein pulse forming lines in glycerol medium[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2023, 35(6): 114-122.
[5] 谌怡, 刘毅, 王卫, 等. 层叠Blumlein纳秒脉冲形成线设计与实验[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2014, 26(4): 045012.
Chen Yi, Liu Yi, Wang Wei, et al.Design and experiments of stacked Blumlein nano-second pulse forming lines[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2014, 26(4): 045012.
[6] 宋法伦, 李飞, 龚海涛, 等. 高功率重复频率Marx型脉冲功率源小型化技术研究进展[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2018, 30(2): 20201.
Song Falun, Li Fei, Gong Haitao, et al.Research progress on miniaturization of high power repetition frequency Marx type pulse power source[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2018, 30(2): 20201.
[7] Hegeler F, McGeoch M W, Sethian J D, et al. A durable gigawatt class solid state pulsed power system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2011, 18(4): 1205-1213.
[8] 刘世飞, 张建德, 张自成. 高功率紧凑PFN-Marx发生器研究进展综述[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2022, 34(7): 075001.
Liu Shifei, Zhang Jiande, Zhang Zicheng.Review of high power compact pulse forming network-Marx generators[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2022, 34(7): 075001.
[9] 廖永福, 林磊, 李傲, 等. 移相串联谐振高压电容器充电电源谐振参数设计方法及其电流控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2016, 31(16): 83-92.
Liao Yongfu, Lin Lei, Li Ao, et al.Resonant parameters design method and current control strategy of phase-shifted series resonant high-voltage capacitor charging power supply[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2016, 31(16): 83-92.
[10] 张昊冉. 重频紧凑PFN-Marx型脉冲驱动源研究[D]. 长沙: 国防科技大学, 2021.
Zhang Haoran.Research on repetitive compact PFN-Marx type pulsed driving sources[D]. Changsha: National University of Defense Technology, 2021.
[11] 甘延青, 宋法伦, 李飞, 等. 高功率重复频率脉冲充电电源设计与实验研究[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2018, 30(6): 065003.
Gan Yanqing, Song Falun, Li Fei, et al.Design and experimental research of high power repetitive pulse charging power supply[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2018, 30(6): 065003.
[12] 冯传均, 戴文峰, 郝世荣, 等. 猝发重频高压大功率脉冲充电电源研制[J]. 电子技术应用, 2024, 50(5): 102-105.
Feng Chuanjun, Dai Wenfeng, Hao Shirong, et al.Development of high voltage and high power pulse charging power supply with burst repetition frequency[J]. Application of Electronic Technique, 2024, 50(5): 102-105.
[13] 司马文霞, 孙佳琪, 杨鸣, 等. 计及铁心非线性的变压器空间动态磁场加速计算方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(5): 1559-1574.
Sima Wenxia, Sun Jiaqi, Yang Ming, et al.Accelerated calculation method of space dynamic magnetic field of transformer considering core nonlinearity[J]. Transactions of China Electrotech-nical Society, 2025, 40(5): 1559-1574.
[14] 杨尚航, 王义, 徐国宁, 等. 基于碗状耦合结构的临近空间飞行器用抗偏转无线充电系统[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(20): 6433-6445.
Yang Shanghang, Wang Yi, Xu Guoning, et al.Anti-misalignment wireless charging system for near-space vehicles based on bowl-coupled structure[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(20): 6433-6445.
[15] 冯波, 彭大为, 杨奕, 等. 改进型扁平螺线管线圈高抗偏移无线电能传输系统[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(12): 3716-3726.
Feng Bo, Peng Dawei, Yang Yi, et al.Enhanced flat solenoid coil with high misalignment tolerance for wireless power transfer system[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(12): 3716-3726.
[16] 丰宇宸, 孙跃, 邓德强, 等. 基于替代模型的旋转磁耦合器磁心结构优化[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(4): 997-1008.
Feng Yuchen, Sun Yue, Deng Deqiang, et al.Optimization of the core structure for the rotary magnetic coupler based on surrogate model[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(4): 997-1008.
[17] 程显, 李泰煜, 葛国伟, 等. 基于特斯拉变压器的重频脉冲源输出特性分析及优化[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(10): 2149-2157.
Cheng Xian, Li Taiyu, Ge Guowei, et al.Analysis and optimization of output characteristics of repetitive pulse generator based on Tesla transformer[J]. Transactions of China Electrotech-nical Society, 2020, 35(10): 2149-2157.
[18] Basak A, Patel A, Kalyanasundaram S, et al.Design study of a high-permeability core-based ultra-compact Tesla transformer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2022, 50(9): 3101-3106.
[19] 马勋, 邓建军, 谢敏, 等. 同轴螺旋带绕式空芯变压器的设计[C]//第十一届高功率粒子束会议, 昆明, 中国, 2008: 78-80.
Ma Xun, Deng Jianjun, Xie Min, et al.Design of coaxial spiral-tape wound air-core transformer[C]// 11th High Power Beams, Kunming, China, 2008: 78-80.
[20] Li L, Ma Ning, Chen Dehuai, et al.Study on double resonant performance of air-core spiral tesla transformer applied in repetitive pulsed operation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2015, 22(4): 1916-1922.
[21] 姜立秋, 王之江, 俞斌, 等. Tesla变压器型重复频率纳秒脉冲源的研制[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2015, 27(1): 175-179.
Jiang Liqiu, Wang Zhijiang, Yu Bin, et al.Repetitive nanosecond pulse generator based on Tesla transformer[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2015, 27(1): 175-179.
[22] Liu Yunlong, Lee L, Bing Yu, et al.Resonant charging performance of spiral Tesla transformer applied in compact high-voltage repetitive nanosecond pulse generator[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2013, 41(12): 3651-3658.
[23] 张小强. 基于空芯Tesla变压器的高压纳秒脉冲发生器研究[D]. 绵阳: 中国工程物理研究院, 2018.
[24] 李名加, 辛佳琪, 康强, 等. 800 kV高变比螺旋线型空芯变压器的研制[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2011, 23(3): 841-844.
Li Mingjia, Xin Jiaqi, Kang Qiang, et al.Development of 800 kV spiral air-cored transformer with high turn ratio[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2011, 23(3): 841-844.
[25] 张天洋, 陈冬群, 刘金亮, 等. 应用于PFN-Marx发生器重频充电的紧凑空心脉冲变压器[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2015, 27(7): 75003.
Zhang Tianyang, Chen Dongqun, Liu Jinliang, et al.Theoretical research of compact air-core pulse transformer for PFN-Marx generator repetitive charging[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2015, 27(7): 75003.
[26] Nedphokaew S, Rugthaicharoencheep N, Wannakarn P, et al.Analysis of electric field distribution on primary windings of high-voltage high-frequency transformers with variables characteristics[C]// 2023 IEEE PES 15th Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2024: 1-5.
[27] 刘锡三. 高功率脉冲技术[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2005.
[28] 路长柏. 电力变压器绝缘技术[M]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 1997.
[29] 蔡宛辰, 金童, 沈骏峰, 等. 高功率Tesla变压器次级绝缘结构电场分析与设计[J]. 高压电器, 2024, 60(5): 84-91.
Cai Wanchen, Jin Tong, Shen Junfeng, et al.Electric field analysis and design of secondary insulation structure of high power Tesla transformer[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2024, 60(5): 84-91.
[30] Adler R J.Pulse power formulary[R]. Marana: North Star High Voltage, 2001. |
|
|
|
2026, Vol. 41 
