电网故障下构网型变流器耦合响应建模与短路电流直接解析方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.250938

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Abstract

With the widespread application of power converters across generation, grid, and load sectors, modern power systems have become increasingly dominated by power electronics. Consequently, traditional fault analysis methods, which are based on synchronous machines and the principle of linear superposition, are often inadequate for accurately characterizing converter responses during grid faults. This limitation challenges the effectiveness of existing grid protection schemes. Current research on the fault response of grid-forming converter (GFC) predominantly focuses on voltage sags at the point of common coupling and controller dynamics. However, it frequently overlooks the coupling between complex power and voltage magnitude-phase of GFC under abrupt changes in grid impedance due to faults, a simplification that compromises model accuracy. Furthermore, the inherent communication delays and refresh cycles associated with real-time topology acquisition raise concerns about the applicability of online short-circuit current calculations in rapidly evolving scenarios, such as frequent network reconfigurations and fluctuating power outputs.
To address these issues, this study focuses on GFC controlled by the virtual synchronous generator strategy. It is found that the controller response of GFC and the complex power interaction with the faulted grid form a closed loop under abrupt impedance changes. This loop jointly determines the dynamic variation of the GFC's port characteristics, exhibiting a coupled response. During the sub-transient stage of this coupled response, the port characteristics are dominated by the reactive power-voltage outer loop, manifesting as variations in active power, reactive power, and AC bus voltage. In the transient stage, the coupling between the active power-phase outer loop and the reactive power-voltage outer loop dictates the port characteristics, leading to dynamic changes in active power, AC bus voltage and power angle, while reactive power tends to stabilize. If the AC current remains within the maximum allowable limit, the AC bus voltage and power angle eventually stabilize under the power outer loop in the quasi-steady state. Conversely, if the AC current limit control is triggered, the AC current magnitude is clamped at the maximum allowable value, with its phase fixed at the AC current saturation angle during this quasi-steady stage of the coupled response.
A method for identifying the complex parameters of virtual short-circuit fault is proposed. By equivalently representing any three-phase grid fault as a virtual fault at the point of common coupling under the condition of constant voltage vector of the point of common coupling, a dimensionality-reduced equivalent model of the faulted grid is obtained. Subsequently, by solving the controller response equations in different time intervals, an equivalent port model of GFC considering the coupled response is established. This model quantifies the evolution of GFC port characteristics from an independent voltage source to a controlled voltage source and finally to a controlled voltage or independent current source. Additionally, a direct analytical method for GFC short-circuit current, independent of actual fault parameters, is introduced. It derives parameters for the reduced-order grid model and the GFC coupled-response model from pre-fault and fault-instant port electrical quantities. Through sequential model pairing and enforcing vector magnitude-phase equality, the fundamental short-circuit current magnitude and phase are directly computed. Simulations confirm the method's accuracy in capturing the coupled fault response and calculating the short-circuit current, with reduced communication dependency.

Key words： Grid-forming converter fault analysis equivalent modeling short-circuit current

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TM464

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	Chen Jiyu
	Ouyang Jinxin
	Mo Fan
	Yang Bofei

Cite this article:

Chen Jiyu,Ouyang Jinxin,Mo Fan等. Coupled Response Modeling and Direct Short-Circuit Current Analysis Method for Grid-Forming Converter Under Grid Fault[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 3-.

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