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| An Anti-Misalignment Method for Double-Sided LCL-Compensated Wireless Power Transfer System with Frequency Regulation |
| Zuo Yue1, Sun Yue1,2, Chen Fengwei1,2, Hu Han1, Su Jingyuan3 |
1. School of Automation Chongqing University Chongqing 400043 China;
2. National Center for International Research on Wireless Power Transfer Technology Chongqing 400043 China;
3. School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Chongqing University of Science and Technology Chongqing 401331 China |
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Abstract As magnetic coupling wireless power transfer (MC-WPT) technology continues to develop and is widely adopted, maintaining stable performance under coil misalignment has become increasingly important. A misalignment-tolerant method for the double-sided LCL-WPT system with frequency regulation was proposed to enhance system robustness against positional deviations and ensure stable and efficient power transfer.
Firstly, a comprehensive double-sided LCL-WPT system model was established, followed by an analysis of the effects of key parameters on voltage gain. Based on the system's equivalent circuit model, the parameter relationships are derived. The output characteristics under misalignment conditions were explored, and the specific conditions for maintaining a constant-voltage output across varying misalignment scenarios were formulated. The analysis demonstrates that a stable output voltage can be maintained solely through frequency regulation, without requiring modification of the system's initial parameters.
Then, the effects of key design parameters—coil self-inductance, resonant inductance, and resonant capacitance—on the controllable frequency range, input impedance phase angle, and transmission efficiency were analyzed. The analysis indicates that increasing Lpv or decreasing Lp and Cpv reduces the input impedance phase angle and enhances efficiency. However, the higher resonant frequency resulting from the smaller Lp and Cpv increases coil resistance, component stress, and system cost. To balance these competing design objectives, a systematic parameter design method was given, with output voltage, transmission efficiency, and misalignment tolerance as key performance metrics. Furthermore, to improve overall system performance, the operating frequency and input impedance phase angle range were considered as crucial design constraints, ensuring efficient operation under various conditions.
Since the coupling coefficient under misalignment cannot be directly measured, a mathematical model was developed. Then, the system operating frequency was adjusted in real time to maintain constant voltage output under varying misalignment conditions. A frequency control strategy based on transmitter-side measurements was proposed. This strategy enables constant-voltage output under misalignment solely through frequency regulation, ensuring system stability.
Finally, A 400 W prototype was developed. As the coupling coefficient decreases, the resonant frequency corresponding to the system's constant-voltage output decreases, the inverter's output current and the input impedance phase angle increase, and the coil current and transmission efficiency decline, consistent with theoretical predictions. Experimental results show that the double-sided LCL-WPT system maintains a constant-voltage output over misalignment ranges of 0 to 7 cm along the y-axis, corresponding to a coupling coefficient range of 0.203 to 0.498, and 0 to 6 cm along the z-axis, corresponding to a coupling coefficient range of 0.216 to 0.498. The system's output voltage fluctuation is kept below 1.2%, with transmission efficiency exceeding 80.063% and peaking at 88.216%. The effectiveness of the anti-misalignment method for a double- sided LCL-WPT system is verified.
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Received: 03 June 2025
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2026, Vol. 41 
