不同阻尼控制下构网型换流器并网输出特性差异与阻尼作用机理

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.250557

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Abstract

The increasing integration of renewable energy sources into power systems has intensified challenges such as low inertia and weak grid support. Grid-forming converters based on virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control emulate voltage-source characteristics to enhance grid stability. Damping control, a pivotal element in VSG strategies, critically influences dynamic response, oscillation suppression, and power-sharing accuracy. However, existing studies predominantly focus on individual damping control designs, lacking systematic comparisons of output characteristics and damping mechanisms across different strategies. This gap leads to empirical parameter tuning in practice, limiting optimal performance. To address this, the study systematically investigates three damping control strategies—fixed-frequency damping (M₁), grid-frequency damping (M₂), and transient damping (M₃)—to elucidate their steady-state and transient performance differences, inherent damping mechanisms, and applicability in diverse grid scenarios.
A unified mathematical framework for VSG power transfer functions under grid frequency constraints was derived using power transmission equations, incorporating grid frequency deviations and damping dynamics. Frequency-domain analysis was conducted to quantify the influence of key parameters (damping coefficient D_p, cutoff frequency ω_c, and inertia constant H) on stability margins, transient power overshoot, and oscillation attenuation. Experimental validation was performed on a 380V hardware prototype, comprising a grid simulator, FPGA-based VSG controller, and multi-level power converters. Steady-state, power command tracking, and load-step tests were executed to validate theoretical findings.
Key results reveal distinct characteristics:M₁ introduces steady-state power errors (0.12-0.24 pu under ±0.1 Hz frequency deviations) due to its dependency on grid frequency for damping feedback. However, it provides robust transient power support dominated by damping effects, achieving 0.208 pu power surge during load steps. Inertia-damping coupling amplifies oscillations at low damping ratios;M₂ eliminates steady-state errors by decoupling damping from grid frequency but weakens transient power support (0.092 pu peak) as inertia dominates dynamics. Its behavior aligns with synchronous generators, where damping suppresses oscillations but limits power contribution;M₃ balances steady-state accuracy and dynamic adaptability through a high-pass filter (HPF). At low cutoff frequencies (ω_c=2 rad/s), it mimics M₁ with reduced oscillations; higher ω_c values enhance inertia effects but increase overshoot by 15% compared to M₁.
The study further establishes operational guidelines:M₁ is suited for weak grids or islanded systems requiring transient power support and primary frequency regulation;M₂ excels in strong grids prioritizing steady-state precision, particularly in frequency-stable environments;M₃ offers adaptability for hybrid scenarios, where adjustable ω_c enables trade-offs between static accuracy and dynamic response.
These findings address the lack of comparative analysis in existing literature and provide actionable insights for parameter tuning. For instance, increasing D_p in M₁ enhances stability but amplifies steady-state errors, while in M₂, higher D_p reduces oscillations at the cost of transient support. The HPF in M₃ introduces design complexity but enables scenario-specific optimization.
The work bridges theoretical modeling and practical implementation, offering a foundation for adaptive damping control in future grid-forming converters. Future research will explore multi-objective optimization of damping parameters under unbalanced grid conditions and renewable intermittency.

Key words： grid-forming control different damping control damping mechanism load disturbance grid-connection characteristics

Received: 07 April 2025

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TM761

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	Meng Jianhui
	Liu Hao
	Shao Yinchi
	Huang Xianmiao
	Gong Yu

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Meng Jianhui,Liu Hao,Shao Yinchi等. Output Characteristics Discrepancy and Damping Mechanism Analysis of Grid-forming Converters under Diverse Damping Control Strategies[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 258106-258106.

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