|
|
|
| Anti-Misalignment Wireless Charging System for Near-Space Vehicles Based on Bowl-Coupled Structure |
| Yang Shanghang1,2, Wang Yi1, Xu Guoning1,2, Wang Zhenyu1,2, Zhu Siyuan1,2 |
1. Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100094 China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China |
|
|
|
Abstract The high-altitude scientific balloon is a near-space vehicle flying in the stratosphere, which needs to carry out load debugging and system integration debugging before release. It consumes the power of the energy storage battery in real-time and requires a connection to the charging cable for the power supply. However, the system's storage battery is inside the pod and needs to be lifted during the commissioning phase. As a result, the pod rotates or swings due to wind, causing the power supply cables to become entangled. The temperature of the neighboring space is extremely low, so the pod needs to be insulated and sealed, which also causes inconvenience for the power supply cable. This paper presents a magnetically coupled resonant wireless charging system based on the LCC-S compensation topology for near-space vehicles. The system utilizes magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transfer technology to supply power to the internal battery for energy storage. The energy-transmitting end is on the ground, and the receiving end is inside the pod. The receiving end will undergo rotational and swing offsets when the pod is in motion. Due to different perturbation directions, the swing offset of the receiving end will occur in all directions. However, the existing wireless charging system anti-offset research only analyses the positional offset, rotational offset, and single-direction swing offset, which can not satisfy the anti-offset requirements of the wireless charging scenarios of the proposed system. This paper proposes a bowl-shaped coupling structure to simultaneously achieve anti-rotational and multi-directional anti-swing offsets.
Firstly, according to the pod working conditions, this paper takes the coupling coefficient fluctuation rate (KFR) as the target and the device's weight at the receiving end as the constraint. The key dimensional parameters of the bowl coupling structure are analyzed using the finite element simulation software, and the parameter design method is provided. Secondly, the influence of the coil turn number on the transfer efficiency is analyzed, and the optimal design of the turn number of the primary and secondary side coils is carried out. Then, the relationship between core thickness, density, and loss is analyzed, and the core thickness is optimized further to reduce the weight of the receiving end device. The magnetic field density distribution in the pod is simulated, and the proposed wireless charging system is found to have no electromagnetic interference with other devices within the pod.
Finally, a wireless energy transfer experimental platform with an output power of 1 kW is constructed on a six-degree-of-freedom platform. The experimental results show that the proposed bowl coupling structure can achieve 360° anti-rotational offset with anti-swing offset in any swing direction [-10°, 10°] swing offset angle, the maximum coupling coefficient fluctuation rate KFR is 0.286, and the system transmission efficiency is maintained at 83.0% to 87.1%.
|
|
Received: 14 September 2024
|
|
|
|
|
|
[1] 马伟明, 鲁军勇. 电磁发射技术的研究现状与挑战[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(15): 3943-3959.
Ma Weiming, Lu Junyong.Research progress and challenges of electromagnetic launch technology[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(15): 3943-3959.
[2] 刘乾石, 徐国宁, 李兆杰, 等. 长航时高空科学气球能量平衡分析与优化[J]. 太阳能学报, 2021, 42(5): 276-285.
Liu Qianshi, Xu Guoning, Li Zhaojie, et al.Energy balance analysis and optimization of long-tern high altitude scientific balloon[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2021, 42(5): 276-285.
[3] 王梓皓, 姜毅, 黄宛宁, 等. 基于气球平台的临近空间环境原位探测技术研究[J]. 空天技术, 2023(4): 70-79.
Wang Zihao, Jiang Yi, Huang Wanning, et al.Research on in situ detection technology of near space environment[J]. Aerospace Technology, 2023(4): 70-79.
[4] 庄春雨, 徐国宁, 李兆杰, 等. 太阳电池高空气球标定测量不确定度研究[J/OL]. 北京航空航天大学学报, 2022: 1-11. (2022-06-10). http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=BJHK20220607007&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ.
Zhuang Chunyu, Xu Guoning, Li Zhaojie, et al. Study on the uncertainty of solar cell high altitude balloon calibration[J/OL]. China Industrial Economics, 2022: 1-11. (2022-06-10). http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=BJHK20220607007&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ.
[5] 李一健, 周江华, 张晓军. 球舱方位通道动力学建模及参数辨识[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报, 2024, 50(6): 2001-2008.
Li Yijian, Zhou Jianghua, Zhang Xiaojun.Dynamic modeling and parameter identification of balloon- borne gondola azimuth channel[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2024, 50(6): 2001-2008.
[6] 李阳, 安张磊, 孟航, 等. 基于双耦合线圈的无人机轻量化无线充电耦合机构设计[J]. 电源学报, 2023, 21(6): 168-175.
Li Yang, An Zhanglei, Meng Hang, et al.Design of lightweight wireless charging coupling mechanism for UAVs based on dual coupling coils[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2023, 21(6): 168-175.
[7] 徐先峰, 吴慧玲, 杨雄政, 等. 空间约束下电动汽车无线充电系统磁耦合结构优化[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(12): 3581-3588.
Xu Xianfeng, Wu Huiling, Yang Xiongzheng, et al.Optimization of magnetically coupled structure of wireless charging system for electric vehicles under space constraint[J]. Transactions of China Electro- technical Society, 2024, 39(12): 3581-3588.
[8] Huang Zhongjin, Liu Chao, Pan Wenxuan, et al.Misalignment tolerance of electric vehicle wireless charging system based on reconfigurable adaptive topology and centrosymmetric coils[J]. IEEE Transa- ctions on Power Electronics, 2024, 39(4): 4815-4823.
[9] Lin Jinhui, Mao Xingkui, Su Tianzhang, et al. Magnetic coupler parameters optimization for electric vehicle charging system with DQD coil structure[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2024, PP(99): 1.
[10] Wang Heshou, Wu Yu, Li Xiaofei, et al.Advanced magnetic coupler design with multi-directional anti-misalignment capabilities for wireless charging unmanned aerial vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 2024, 71(6): 3231-3235.
[11] Cai Chunwei, Shen Danni, Wu Shuai, et al.A high misalignment tolerance IPT system for unmanned aerial vehicles based on multiwinding combined coupling[J]. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 2024, 10(4): 8566-8574.
[12] Zhao Yihui, Shen Sicheng, Yin Fanghui, et al.A high misalignment-tolerant hybrid coupler for unmanned aerial vehicle WPT charging systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 2025, 11(1): 1570-1581.
[13] 武帅, 张璨, 李季, 等. 基于动态行波磁场的水下自主航行器无线电能传输系统[J]. 导航与控制, 2024, 23(增刊1): 69-77.
Wu Shuai, Zhang Can, Li Ji, et al.Wireless charging system for autonomous underwater vehicle based on dynamic traveling wave magnetic field[J]. Navigation and Control, 2024, 23(S1): 69-77.
[14] Cai Chunwei, Zhang Yanyu, Wu Shuai, et al.A circumferential coupled dipole-coil magnetic coupler for autonomous underwater vehicles wireless charging applications[J]. IEEE Access, 2020, 8: 65432-65442.
[15] Wu Shuai, Cai Chunwei, Chai Wenping, et al.Uniform power IPT system with quadruple-coil transmitter and crossed dipole receiver for auto- nomous underwater vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2022, 58(1): 1289-1297.
[16] Wang De'an, Cui Shumei, Zhang Jiantao, et al.A novel arc-shaped lightweight magnetic coupler for AUV wireless power transfer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2022, 58(1): 1315-1329.
[17] Wang De'an, Chen Fuze, Zhang Jiantao, et al.A novel pendulum-type magnetic coupler with high misalignment tolerance for AUV underwater wireless power transfer systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2023, 38(12): 14861-14871.
[18] 谭平安, 许文浩, 上官旭, 等. 无线电能传输系统中组合串绕六边形线圈的互感建模及参数优化[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(9): 2299-2309.
Tan Ping'an, Xu Wenhao, Shangguan Xu, et al.Mutual inductance modeling and parameter opti- mization of wireless power transfer system with combined series-wound hexagonal coils[J]. Transa- ctions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(9): 2299-2309.
[19] Bosshard R, Kolar J W, Mühlethaler J, et al.Modeling and h-α-Pareto optimization of inductive power transfer coils for electric vehicles[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2015, 3(1): 50-64.
[20] Xu Qi, Hu Quankun, Wang Hao, et al.Optimal design of planar spiral coil for uniform magnetic field to wirelessly power position-free targets[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2021, 57(2): 4000709.
[21] 焦超群, 杨旭, 杨俊峰, 等. 基于多目标优化理论的耦合无关恒压输出型LCC/S补偿感应电能传输系统[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(24): 6565-6580.
Jiao Chaoqun, Yang Xu, Yang Junfeng, et al.Coupling-independent constant-voltage output LCC/S compensation inductive power transfer system based on multi-objective optimization theory[J]. Transa- ctions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(24): 6565-6580.
[22] 冯鸿运, 林飞, 杨中平, 等. 应用于自动导引小车无线充电系统的导航与供电一体化线圈研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(14): 4294-4304.
Feng Hongyun, Lin Fei, Yang Zhongping, et al.A research on a navigation and power supply integrated coil for automatic guided vehicle wireless power transfer system[J]. Transactions of China Electro- technical Society, 2024, 39(14): 4294-4304.
[23] 熊萌, 张栋, 尤国建, 等. 电动汽车无线充电高效高利用率磁芯的多目标优化设计[J]. 汽车工程, 2023, 45(9): 1740-1752.
Xiong Meng, Zhang Dong, You Guojian, et al.Multi- objective optimization design of high efficiency and high utilization magnetic core of wireless charging of electric vehicles[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2023, 45(9): 1740-1752.
[24] International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric and magnetic fields (1 Hz to 100 kHz)[J]. Health Physics, 2010, 99(6): 818-836.
[25] 王义. 高效高容差性无线电能传输系统耦合机构设计及控制策略研究[D]. 北京: 北京交通大学, 2023.
Wang Yi.Design of coupling research on coupler design and control strategy of high efficiency and high tolerance wireless power transfer system[D]. Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University, 2023.
[26] Jia Yahui, Wang Zhihui, Tang Chunsen, et al.An efficiency improvement method for the small air gap wireless power transfer system with variable para- meters[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2023, 38(11): 13443-13453. |
|
|
|
2025, Vol. 40 
