大气压湿空气纳秒脉冲介质阻挡放电研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.240716

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Abstract

Atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is an emerging technology with significant potential for environmental and biomedical applications. Compared to alternating-current (AC) DBD, nanosecond pulsed DBD demonstrates several unique advantages, including lower operational temperature, improved discharge uniformity, and higher electron energy. These attributes are particularly advantageous for enhancing the generation of reactive species. Previous research has primarily examined the influence of individual pulse parameters (e.g., voltage amplitude and pulse frequency) on pulsed DBD performance. However, comprehensive investigations comparing multiple parameters, particularly the role of discharge power in reactive species generation, remain scarce. Furthermore, while it is well-established that humidity affects electron attachment and ionization thresholds, its quantitative impact on the breakdown dynamics and plasma chemistry of nanosecond-pulsed DBDs has not been thoroughly studied.
This study explores the discharge characteristics and emission spectral properties of a nanosecond-pulsed parallel-plate DBD operating in humid air. An equivalent circuit model was utilized to calculate gap breakdown voltages during the pulse's rising and falling phases. Additionally, optical emission spectroscopy (OES) was employed to characterize the behavior of reactive species.
Increasing the pulse voltage amplitude (8~16 kV) raises both the rising-edge (6.8~7.5 kV) and falling-edge (3.7~6.9 kV) breakdown voltages, with discharge power increasing proportionally (6.1~23 W). Extending the pulse rise/fall time (50~500 ns) reduces the rising-edge breakdown voltage (7.2~5.0 kV) but results in a local minimum for both the falling-edge breakdown voltage and discharge power at 200~300 ns. The increased breakdown voltage with the rising voltage rate has been widely reported and is attributed to the characteristic breakdown delay time associated with nanosecond-pulsed voltages. In contrast, the observed increase in fall-edge breakdown voltage and discharge power within the pulse rise time of 300~500 ns may result from the longer time interval between the rising and falling edges, which allows for gradual recovery of gas insulation, including gas density restoration and electrical neutrality re-establishment. Higher pulse frequencies (0.5~5 kHz) decrease breakdown voltages (7.4~6.9 kV) and single-pulse energy, leading to a weaker linear dependence of discharge power on pulse frequency. Additionally, both breakdown voltage and discharge power increase with humidity, while plasma emission decreases principally due to the quenching reactions induced by water molecules. In dry air (1 mm gap), the rising-phase breakdown voltage is approximately 7.19 kV, increasing by 0.14 kV for every 20% rise in relative humidity (RH).
In summary, discharge power positively correlates with gap breakdown voltage under all conditions. It is also found that nitrogen emission intensities exhibited a near-linear proportionality to discharge power across all conditions, regardless of specific pulse parameters. This universal relationship highlights discharge power as a potential control parameter for regulating plasma chemistry. Given the critical role of breakdown voltage, a simplified streamer-based framework was developed to predict the pulsed breakdown voltage. By integrating Raether-Meek criteria and electron transport parameters (derived from Boltzmann equation solvers), the model successfully predicts breakdown voltages under varying gap electric field rise rates (0.5~2 kV/cm·ns). Experimental validation confirmed its alignment with observed trends.
In conclusion, this study enhances the understanding of nanosecond-pulsed DBDs in humid environments by clarifying the interrelationships between pulse parameters, humidity, and plasma emission behaviors. The observed linear correlation between discharge power and nitrogen emission intensity offers a scalable approach for optimizing reactive species generation. Moreover, the proposed model enables breakdown voltage estimation under a pulsed power excitation, supporting the development of energy-efficient plasma systems and the precise control of reactive species under real-world atmospheric conditions.

Key words： Atmospheric pressure humid air nanosecond pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)

Received: 07 May 2024

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	Wang Kai
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	Luo Haiyun

Cite this article:

Wang Kai,Zhang Liyang,Wu Kaiyue等. Atmospheric Pressure Nanosecond Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge in Humid Air[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(16): 5355-5368.

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