|
|
|
| Passivity Based Control Method of Energy Storage System with Pulse Constant Power Load |
| Wang Yong1, Wang Puyu2, Yang Yongliang3, Cao Man1, Liu Zhengchun1 |
1. Shijiazhuang Campus Army Engineering University Shijiazhuang 050003 China;
2. School of Automation Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China;
3. School of Automation and Electrical Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China |
|
|
|
Abstract An energy storage system with pulsed load (PL-ESS) is a typical isolated power system with limited source capacity, small coefficient inertia, and weak stability. In recent years, pulse load devices have been equipped with power controllers to ensure the performance of pulse power emission, which presents a state of pulse ‘constant power’ load. The negative impedance characteristic of constant power loads is known to amplify the bus voltage disturbance and exacerbate instability. Methods have been presented to achieve stability control of power systems with constant power loads. However, most of them focus on suppressing the fluctuation of bus voltage without simultaneously satisfying the fast response of instantaneous load current. This paper proposes a Virtual Energy Storage Injection-Passive Based Control (VESI-PBC) method based on the traditional PBC. By improving the convergence speed of the energy function, the dc-bus voltage can be quickly stabilized to adapt to the switching conditions of pulse loads in medium or high-frequency mode.
Firstly, based on the topology structure of ESS with pulse constant power load, an Euler-Lagrange mathematical model is established to judge whether the system is strictly passive. Secondly, a virtual energy storage matrix is constructed, and the virtual inductance Ln is superimposed on the energy-storage inductance L to accelerate the convergence speed of the energy error function He(x) and ensure the system stability. Thirdly, by designing control terms, the VESI-PBC control is obtained. Compared with PI and VDI-PBC control, VESI-PBC control includes terms of () and and introduces , which leads the response to the dynamic changes in bus voltage uC. Finally, a dual closed-loop control strategy based on the VESI-PBC algorithm is proposed for the PL-ESS main circuit structure. Taking system stability as the precondition, the VESI-PBC method is designed to ensure stability. The controller can converge more quickly to the steady state when PL-ESS switches between pulse power loading and unloading modes, responding to the fast performance requirements of medium or high-frequency working conditions in PL-ESS.
The stability analysis of the PL-ESS control model based on the root locus method shows that the VESI-PBC algorithm still ensures a certain stability margin of the system with “constant power” characteristics. The introduction of Ln improves the system damping ratio, i.e., enhances the robustness of the bus voltage disturbance resistance. Simulation and actual test results show that the VESI-PBC algorithm effectively reduces the bus voltage fluctuation rate while ensuring the maximum fluctuation rate of dc-bus voltage |δmax|≤5% on the test platform. It can meet the voltage performance requirements of new radar devices and the instantaneous pulse current performance requirements of constant power pulse loads under medium and high-frequency operating conditions (fPL=100 Hz~1 kHz). Compared with PI and VDI-PBC algorithms, the VESI-PBC algorithm can rapidly respond to the load current by advanced response to the dynamic changes of the outer loop voltage and track the inner loop current. The larger the Ln value, the greater the fluctuation rate of bus voltage |δmax|, and the faster the response speed of the controller's output current idc to the pulse current. However, the high-frequency interference current is amplified, causing additional spikes in the waveform. In experiments, small Capacitance-to-Lnductance ratios (weak stability) are selected, and phase-domain and time-domain waveforms of two key parameters, |δmax| and idc, are plotted. Compared with PI and VDI-PBC, the VESI-PBC algorithm can simultaneously meet the voltage and current performance requirements from low-frequency to high-frequency operating conditions, which can be applied to weakly stable PL-ESS systems.
The following conclusions can be drawn. (1) The VESI-PBC algorithm ensures the stability of the PL-ESS with constant power characteristics, aiming to improve the convergence speed of the energy function. (2) VESI-PBC control effect is related to the Ln, and the larger the Ln. However, excessive Ln introduces burrs under high-frequency operating conditions in PL-ESS. An appropriate value needs to be selected. (3) The VESI-PBC algorithm can also be implemented in systems with small capacitance-to-inductance ratios, making it suitable for isolated power systems containing pulse loads with weak stability, wide pulse frequency coverage, and nonlinear dynamic characteristics.
|
|
Received: 15 March 2024
|
|
|
|
|
|
[1] Zhang Bao, Kou Yong, Jin Ke, et al.Dynamic response of electromagnetic railgun under time- dependent electromagnetic moving loads[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2020, 483: 115451.
[2] Tu Zhenghong, Fan Bo, Zhang Wei, et al.Optimal state-constrained control of DC shipboard power systems for online pulsed power load accommo- dation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2022, 13(1): 96-105.
[3] 高雪平, 付立军, 纪锋, 等. 含脉冲负载的综合电力系统储能优化配置研究[J]. 国防科技大学学报, 2022, 44(6): 81-88.
Gao Xueping, Fu Lijun, Ji Feng, et al.Research on optimal configuration of energy storage in integrated power system with pulse load[J]. Journal of National University of Defense Technology, 2022, 44(6): 81-88.
[4] 王勇, 刘正春, 刘金宁, 等. 带脉冲负载电池储能系统的源载耦合建模[J]. 陆军工程大学学报, 2023, 2(2): 23-30.
Wang Yong, Liu Zhengchun, Liu Jinning, et al.Source-load coupled modeling of battery energy storage system with pulse load[J]. Journal of Army Engineering University of PLA, 2023, 2(2): 23-30.
[5] 孙国亮, 高路, 周鋆玲, 等. 脉冲负载对独立电力系统运行特性影响[J]. 舰船科学技术, 2023, 45(2): 135-140.
Sun Guoliang, Gao Lu, Zhou Junling, et al.Influence of pulse load on operation characteristics of independent power system[J]. Ship Science and Technology, 2023, 45(2): 135-140.
[6] 樊靖轩, 施佳楠, 徐子梁, 等. 基于GaN的开关线性复合高速随动脉冲负载直流变换器[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(6): 1818-1829.
Fan Jingxuan, Shi Jianan, Xu Ziliang, et al.GaN-based switched linear composite high-speed follow-up pulse load DC converter[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(6): 1818-1829.
[7] 张泽华, 宋桂英, 张晓璐, 等. 考虑恒功率负载的直流微电网稳定性与鲁棒性控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(16): 4391-4405.
Zhang Zehua, Song Guiying, Zhang Xiaolu, et al.Stability and robustness control strategy of DC microgrid considering constant power load[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(16): 4391-4405.
[8] 李欣, 邹俊南, 刘金辉. 带恒功率负载的直流微电网稳定性控制研究综述(英文)[J/OL]. Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation, 2023, https://link.cnki.net/urlid/14.1357.TH.20231219.1630.002.2023.
[9] 吴家荣, 卢振坤, 文春明. 带恒功率负载多电平 Buck变换器逆解耦自适应滑模控制[J/OL]. 电机与控制学报, 2023, https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/detail/23.1408.TM.20230530.0946.002.html
[10] 游逍遥, 刘和平, 苗轶如, 等. 带恒功率负载的双极性直流系统稳定性分析及其有源阻尼方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(4): 918-930.
You Xiaoyao, Liu Heping, Miao Yiru, et al.Stability analysis and active damping method of the bipolar DC system with constant power loads[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(4): 918-930.
[11] 郑长明, 董萱萱, 肖子语, 等. 基于虚拟电阻有源阻尼的LC滤波型永磁同步电机系统预测电流控制[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(22): 6059-6069.
Zheng Changming, Dong Xuanxuan, Xiao Ziyu, et al.Virtual resistance active damping based predictive current control of LC-filtered permanent magnet synchronous motor system[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(22): 6059-6069.
[12] 魏威, 郑华俊, 袁旭峰, 等. 基于平方和规划的带恒功率负载的直流微电网大信号稳定性分析[J]. 电网与清洁能源, 2023, 39(8): 27-35.
Wei Wei, Zheng Huajun, Yuan Xufeng, et al.An analysis of large signal stability of the DC microgrid with constant power load based on sum of squares programming[J]. Power System and Clean Energy, 2023, 39(8): 27-35.
[13] 严鋆, 王金全, 陈颖, 等. 基于开关函数的脉冲功率负载大信号模型研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(16): 3509-3517.
Yan Jun, Wang Jinquan, Chen Ying, et al.Study on large-signal model for pulsed power load based on switching functions[J]. Transactions of China Elec- trotechnical Society, 2020, 35(16): 3509-3517.
[14] 孙勇, 林松. 相控阵雷达发射单元供电建模及特性研究[J]. 现代雷达, 2020, 42(9): 80-85.
Sun Yong, Lin Song.A study on power supply model and characteristic of phased array radar transmitting unit[J]. Modern Radar, 2020, 42(9): 80-85.
[15] 林周宏, 黄文焘, 邰能灵, 等. 舰船脉冲功率负载Buck变换器自适应阻尼比控制方法[J/OL]. 中国电机工程学报, 2023, https://doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.230717.
[16] 王久和. 电能变换器及其无源控制[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2014.
[17] 程启明, 李剑辉, 赖宇生, 等. 非理想条件下基于MMC的电力电子变压器的无源滑模控制策略[J]. 高电压技术, 2023, 49(4): 1556-1566.
Cheng Qiming, Li Jianhui, Lai Yusheng, et al.Passivity-based sliding-mode control strategy for power electronic transformer based on MMC under non-ideal conditions[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2023, 49(4): 1556-1566.
[18] 王勉, 唐芬, 陈麒宇, 等. DC-DC变换器并联系统无源控制及大信号稳定性研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(18): 6789-6802.
Wang Mian, Tang Fen, Chen Qiyu, et al.Passivity- based control and large signal stability of DC-DC converter parallel system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(18): 6789-6802.
[19] 李萍, 王久和. 基于无源与自抗扰的Vienna整流器控制策略研究[J]. 电网技术, 2022, 46(4): 1575-1584.
Li Ping, Wang Jiuhe.Control strategy of Vienna rectifier based on passivity-based and active disturbance rejection controller[J]. Power System Technology, 2022, 46(4): 1575-1584.
[20] 敖文杰, 陈家伟, 陈杰, 等. 燃料电池-锂电池混合供电系统的无源控制策略及参数设计方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(2): 580-594.
Ao Wenjie, Chen Jiawei, Chen Jie, et al.Passive control strategy and parameter design method of fuel cell-lithium battery hybrid power supply system[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(2): 580-594.
[21] 肖润龙, 王刚, 徐晨, 等. 含脉冲负载的中压直流综合电力系统的无迹卡尔曼动态状态估计方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40(23): 7555-7565.
Xiao Runlong, Wang Gang, Xu Chen, et al.An unscented Kalman filter based dynamic state estimation for the medium-voltage DC integrated power system with pulse load[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40(23): 7555-7565.
[22] 尹英龙, 刘宝泉. 闭环控制DC/DC变换器带恒功率负载的稳定性研究[J]. 重庆理工大学学报(自然科学), 2021, 35(2): 198-204, 233.
Yin Yinglong, Liu Baoquan.Research on the stability of closed-loop Buck converter with constant power load[J]. Journal of Chongqing University of Tech- nology (Natural Science), 2021, 35(2): 198-204, 233. |
|
|
|
2025, Vol. 40 
