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| Comparative Study on Triple 3-Phase PMA-SynRM with Distributed Winding and Concentrated Winding |
| Wang Bo1, Xu Wenhan1, Zha Chencheng1, Liu Chaohui2, Cheng Ming1, Hua Wei1 |
1. School of Electrical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China;
2. Powertrain Department National New Energy Vehicle Technology Innovation Center (NEVC) Beijing 100176 China |
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Abstract PM Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machine (PMA-SynRM) receives increased interest in industry applications. It reduces the PM usage and offsets the torque reduction by employing reluctance torque, achieving comparable performance with a lower cost. This type of machine features low PM flux linkage, suitable for fault-tolerant applications. The machine drive performance and fault-tolerant ability are closely related to their windings. Therefore, this paper compares two fault-tolerant motor topologies with multiple 3-phase distributed winding and multiple 3-phase concentrated winding.
First, the two motors are designed under the same technical specifications and operate at the rated point with 24 N·m torque at 2 000 r/min. For each design sample, simulation calculations are conducted in Flux, and the relevant data is imported into Hyper Study. Then, Hyper Study uses a genetic algorithm to calculate the relevant parameters of the next iteration until the two motors’ final optimization parameters are achieved. Secondly, 2D finite element simulation models of the distributed and centralized winding motors are established using Flux finite element simulation software. The two motors are simulated and analyzed, and the back electromotive force, MTPA curve, output torque, fault behavior, and fault tolerance capability under different fault modes are compared. The results show that the efficiency of the concentrated winding motor is 1.1% higher than that of the distributed winding motor. The concentrated winding motor has a lower proportion of reluctance torque, and its output torque is 1.2 N·m higher than that of the distributed winding motor under open circuit conditions but lower under short circuit conditions. Under inter-turn short circuit, after taking the terminal short circuit (TSC) protection action, the short circuit current of the centralized winding motor is only 80% of that of the distributed winding motor, indicating that the centralized winding motor has more robust fault tolerance performance. Finally, by processing the prototype and building an experimental platform, different load currents are applied to the two motors under healthy operation conditions and fault modes. It is found that the output characteristics and fault tolerance characteristics of the two motors are consistent with the FE simulation results. The experimental results verified the accuracy of the simulation model.
The following conclusions can be drawn: (1) Distributed winding motors rely more on reluctance torque, while centralized winding motors rely more on permanent magnet torque. The centralized winding motor has higher efficiency due to much lower end windings, smaller torque ripple, and better performance. (2) Under open circuit conditions, two motors can achieve fault operation through the remaining healthy three-phase windings, and the concentrated winding motor exhibits higher output torque capacity. (3) Under short circuit fault conditions, both motors could effectively suppress the short circuit current after TSC, but the distributed winding motor has higher output torque. (4) Under inter-turn short circuit fault, after adopting TSC protection action, the inter turn short circuit currents of both motors are significantly weakened, and the fault current of the concentrated winding motor is smaller. The fault tolerance performance of the concentrated winding motor is better than that of the distributed winding motor under the inter-turn short circuit. The two multiple 3-phase PMA-SynRMs are good candidates for safety-critical applications. The distributed winding machine is suitable for a relatively high-speed range, while the concentrated winding machine is more suitable for medium and low-speed ranges.
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Received: 14 March 2023
Published: 07 June 2024
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2024, Vol. 39 
