Research Overview of Oil-Paper Composite Insulation Modified by Nano Particles for Transformer
Liu Daosheng1, Zhou Chunhua1, Ding Jin1, Ye Jing2, Du Boxue3
1. School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou 341000 China; 2. Huaneng Qinmei Ruijin Power Generation Co. Ltd Ganzhou 341000 China; 3. School of Electrical and Information Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
Abstract As the main internal insulation of power transformer, the electric performance of oil-paper composite insulation is concerned by power equipment manufacturers and operators. It is of great significance to improve the performance of oil-paper composite insulation, reduce the probability of insulation damage and improve the reliability of transformer insulation. The nanoparticles are often used as additives to improve the electrical properties of insulating materials due to their excellent physical properties, such as large specific surface area, quantum size and macroscopic quantum tunneling effects. Based on them, the recent research achievements of nano-modification of transformer oil-paper composite insulation are summarized. The modification methods of oil-paper composite insulation system for power transformer in recent years are introduced. Then the three kinds of theoretical models to explain the modification mechanism of nanoparticles are introduced. What's more, the charge behaviors inside and on the surface of oil-paper before and after modification are analyzed, as well as the partial discharge and the breakdown characteristics under AC/DC and lightning impulse voltage. Finally, the present research achievements are summarized. Moreover, the development direction of transformer oil-paper insulation nano-modification is prospected. Firstly, the method of nano-modified oil-paper composite insulation for transformer is summarized. One-step and two-step methods are usually used to prepare nano-modified transformer oil. The preparation of nano-modified cellulose paper can be divided into chemical modification and physical modification. Secondly, the three kinds of theoretical models for the modification mechanism are particle surface capture model, spatial polarization potential well model and trap model, respectively. These three kinds of models have their own distinct advantages and certain limitations. However, trap model is more persuasive, which is the most widely used at present. In terms of universality, this method not only can avoid the influence on electron capture of polarization relaxation time in particle surface capture model, but also can make up the limitation of electrons trapped by nanoparticles in the spatial polarization potential well model. Finally, the internal and surface charge behavior, partial discharge and breakdown characteristics of the insulated oil-paper before and after nano modification are launched describing. In terms of the selection of nanoparticles, such as TiO2, Al2O3, SiO2, AlN, ZnO, SiC and graphene are fine choices, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. It is very important to select appropriate nanoparticle materials according to the needs and ensure their dispersion in the modification process. For the nano-modification technology of transformer oil-paper insulation, the electrical characteristics and breakdown mechanism of composite insulation under the influence of multiple physical fields in the composite environment, such as electric field, temperature field, magnetic field and stress field coupling need to be studied and improved. In addition, in order to supplemented and improve the trap model, the mechanism of the trap energy level and trap density in insulating oil modified by nanoparticles should be further explored in the future. The study of oil-paper insulation life evaluation also needs to be explored under the synergistic effect of multiple factors. In view of the improvement for the electrical performance in the oil-paper insulation system modified by nanoparticles, the following conclusions can be obtained: (1) Due to the addition of nanoparticles, the accumulation of interface/space charge in the oil-paper composite insulation system can be effectively inhibited, and the distribution of electric field can be optimized. The effect is closely related to the type, concentration and size of the nanoparticles. (2) The partial discharge characteristics of transformer oil and insulating pressboard are improved by nano regulation technology. (3) Nano modification technology can effectively improve the breakdown performance of oil-paper insulation system, but the improvement effect is different in various operating conditions such as AC, DC, AC/DC composite, lightning impulse voltage and so on.
Liu Daosheng,Zhou Chunhua,Ding Jin等. Research Overview of Oil-Paper Composite Insulation Modified by Nano Particles for Transformer[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(9): 2464-2479.
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2023, Vol. 38 
