电工技术学报  2024, Vol. 39 Issue (23): 7319-7330    DOI: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.231208
电工理论与新技术 |
换流阀冷却系统均压电极垢层沉积声学检测方法
高兵1, 黄驰1, 黄晨浩1, 王帅1, 杨明智2
1.湖南大学电气与信息工程学院 长沙 410082;
2.中国船舶集团有限公司第七一○研究所 宜昌 443003
Study on Acoustic Detection Method for Sediment on Grading Electrodes in Converter Valve Cooling System
Gao Bing1, Huang Chi1, Huang Chenhao1, Wang Shuai1, Yang Mingzhi2
1. College of Electrical and Information Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 China;
2. No. 710 R&D Institute CSSC Yichang 443003 China
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摘要 均压电极结垢是导致换流阀冷却系统故障的主要原因之一,传统检修采取的定期拆卸检测方式具有较大的盲目性且易造成系统漏水等故障。现有水质监测或间接检测法不能直接反映垢层沉积情况,而声学检测具有灵敏度高、检测速度快等优点。因此,该文提出了换流阀冷却系统均压电极垢层声学检测方法。首先,根据均压电极结垢特点,提出了适用于均压电极垢层的声学检测装置设计方法;其次,搭建了阀冷系统实验平台,在噪声环境中检验了装置的抗干扰性能,并对比分析无/有垢条件下回波信号的差异性;最后,从回波信号中提取电极垢层厚度的特征指标,建立了其与垢层厚度的数学映射关系,并进一步提出了垢层厚度预测策略。结果表明特征指标减小率与垢层厚度满足Boltzmann数学关系,能够可靠表征电极垢层厚度的变化过程,为均压电极的检修提供依据。
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关键词 换流阀冷却系统均压电极垢层厚度声学检测特征指标    
Abstract:Sediment on grading electrodes is one of the main causes of failures in converter valve cooling systems. Traditional maintenance methods mainly involve periodic disassembly and inspection, which are quite blind and can lead to issues such as system leaks from repeated disassembly, severely delaying the maintenance progress of the converter valve system. Most existing research relies on water quality monitoring or other indirect detection methods, which cannot directly reflect the sediment situation. Acoustic detection, however, offers advantages such as high sensitivity, fast detection speed, and strong versatility. Therefore, this paper proposes an acoustic detection method for sediment on grading electrodes in converter valve cooling systems.
Firstly, based on the principles of acoustic detection for grading electrode sediment, an acoustic detection device was designed. This device achieves synchronized control of the sound wave excitation and reception ends, utilizes cumulative averaging for noise reduction in digital signal processing, and transmits the echo signals to a PC for feature extraction and analysis. Secondly, an acoustic detection platform for grading electrode sediment was built. This platform verifies that the designed device can effectively drive the transducer and receive echo signals from the grading electrode and its sediment. It also tests the device's interference resistance in noisy environments, confirming its ability to reliably filter out low-frequency noise, high-frequency spurious signals, and random spikes, thus obtaining clean echo signals. The platform was used to perform acoustic detection on seven groups of grading electrodes with different sediment thicknesses, analyzing the differences in echo signals under sedimented and non-sedimented conditions.
Further, using waveform factors (Sf), peak factors (Ip), kurtosis factors (K4), pulse factors (Cf), peak factors (Ce), and skewness factors (K3) as characteristic indicators for echo signals, it was found that Sf, Ip, K4, Cf and Ce had a coefficient of variation of less than 10% in the non-sedimented condition, indicating good stability. In the presence of sediment, these factors decreased with increasing sediment thickness, while K3 was generally negative without sediment and positive with sediment. Finally, by calculating the variation rates of echo feature values in relation to the non-sedimented conditions, it was found that ΔSf, ΔK4, ΔCf and ΔCe had a strong correlation with the sediment thickness, with the Boltzmann fitting function's determination coefficients (R²) exceeding 0.96, indicating that these measures can reliably characterize changes in electrode sediment thickness. Based on the sensitivity relationship between feature quantities and sediment thickness, a prediction strategy for sediment thickness was proposed, effectively predicting sediment thickness at different stages of sediment.
From the experimental analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) The designed acoustic detection device for grading electrodes can detect sediment and has advantages of strong portability and interference resistance, showing good application potential in practical valve cooling system inspections. (2) Among the used characteristic indicators, K3 can be used for qualitative analysis of sediment presence, while Sf, Ip, K4, Cf and Ce are suitable for quantitative analysis of sediment thickness. (3) ΔSf, ΔK4, ΔCf and ΔCe show a strong correlation with the sediment thickness, and the Boltzmann fitting function effectively characterizes the thickness change process, providing guidance for the maintenance of grading electrodes.
Key wordsConverter valve cooling system    grading electrode    sediment thickness    acoustic detection    characteristic indicators   
收稿日期: 2023-07-05     
PACS: TM721.1  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目(52007013)
通讯作者: 黄 驰 男,2000年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为输变电设备数字孪生技术与无损检测技术。E-mail:951190519@qq.com   
作者简介: 高 兵 男,1987年生,副教授,博士生导师,研究方向为多物理场计算和电声换能技术等。E-mail:gbdnbh@hnu.edu.cn
引用本文:   
高兵, 黄驰, 黄晨浩, 王帅, 杨明智. 换流阀冷却系统均压电极垢层沉积声学检测方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(23): 7319-7330. Gao Bing, Huang Chi, Huang Chenhao, Wang Shuai, Yang Mingzhi. Study on Acoustic Detection Method for Sediment on Grading Electrodes in Converter Valve Cooling System. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(23): 7319-7330.
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