绝缘轴承对变频电机高频轴电流的抑制机理与效果研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.230414

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摘要

随着功率半导体器件的发展,脉宽调制技术被广泛应用于变频电机调速系统,显著提高了电机的动态性能,同时也带来了严重的轴承电蚀问题。由于绝缘轴承具有安装便捷、可靠性高的优点,是目前轨道交通、风力发电等诸多行业主要采用的电蚀抑制措施。但是绝缘轴承对于变频器引起的高频轴电流的抑制机理、抑制效果及其与绝缘涂层参数之间的关系,有待于更深入的理论和实验研究。本文分析了变频电机轴电流的产生机理,建立了考虑绝缘涂层参数的变频电机轴电流等效电路模型;分析了全膜润滑稳态过程和放电击穿瞬态过程中,绝缘轴承对于轴电压和轴电流的抑制效果,以及涂层厚度、介电常数对抑制效果的影响。搭建了变频电机轴电流测试平台,进行了绝缘轴承和普通轴承的对比实验。仿真和测试结果表明,采用绝缘轴承可以降低润滑油膜上所承载的一部分电压,可以大大减小轴电流的击穿次数及幅值。

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关键词 ：变频驱动, 轴电压, 轴电流, 绝缘轴承

Abstract：

Due to the advantages of convenient installation and high reliability, insulated bearing is the main electric corrosion suppression measure used in rail transit, electric vehicles and many other industries. Although the insulated bearing has been proved to have good suppression effect on low frequency bearing current, the bearing current caused by frequency converter is mainly composed of high frequency components. At high frequency, the capacitor effect of the insulation coating is prominent, which constitutes the coupling path of bearing current, resulting in bearing electrical corrosion failure. To solve this problem, a kind of bearing current equivalent circuit model of motor-bearing coupling was established, and the inhibition mechanism, effect and influencing factors of insulated bearing on high frequency bearing current were analyzed, which provided a theoretical basis for the design of insulating bearing coating parameters.
Firstly, the mechanism of high frequency bearing current of variable frequency motor is analyzed, and a coupling model between motor and bearing is established to analyze the bearing voltage and bearing current. The bearing model takes into account the dynamic parameters of oil film, the equivalent impedance of insulation coating and the transient process of discharge breakdown. Secondly, taking a 190kW induction motor as an example, the stray capacitance of motor and equivalent capacitance of insulation coating were extracted by impedance test curve. Then, based on the equivalent circuit model, the suppression effect of the insulating coating on bearing voltage and bearing current under the condition of full film lubrication and discharge breakdown process was analyzed. The influence of the thickness and dielectric constant of insulating coating on the inhibition effect was studied by simulation. Finally, the bearing current test platform of the variable frequency motor was built, the variable frequency power supply test and the external bearing voltage test were designed to verify the accuracy of the model and analyze the actual suppression effect of the insulated bearing.
According to the simulation results, the bearing voltage and bearing current can be reduced by decreasing the dielectric constant or increasing the thickness of the insulating coating. However, in the condition of full film lubrication, the use of insulated bearings will not reduce the bearing partial voltage ratio (BVR) by more than 10%. The inhibition effect of insulated bearing on bearing current is affected by the breakdown resistance of bearing itself. When the breakdown resistance value is above 100Ω, the reduction of insulated bearing on bearing current is not more than 20%. The test results show that when ordinary bearings are used, the BVR is 5.35%~5.97%. When using insulated bearing, BVR_iso is 5.04%~5.51%. When using ordinary bearings, the peak value of bearing current is distributed between 40-100mA; When the insulated bearing is used, the bearing current is all suppressed below 70mA, and the discharge activity is significantly lower than that of ordinary bearings.
The following conclusions can be drawn from simulation and test results: (1) When the lubricating oil film of the bearing is not broken down, the capacitance of the insulating bearing coating can share part of the bearing voltage, thus reducing the probability of the breakdown of the oil film, but the inhibition effect is limited in the condition of full film lubrication. (2) The inhibition effect of insulated bearing on bearing voltage is affected by the thickness and dielectric constant of insulating coating, and the thickness and material parameters of insulating coating can be designed according to the breakdown threshold of bearing voltage. (3) Increasing the capacitance of insulation coating can effectively reduce the bearing current after the breakdown of oil film. It can not only reduce the amplitude of bearing current, but also reduce the discharge activity. (4) The suppression effect of insulated bearing on bearing current is affected by the breakdown resistance. If the breakdown resistance is tested in different working conditions in advance, coating parameters can be designed according to the corresponding suppression target.

Key words： Variable frequency AC motor bearing voltage bearing current insulated bearing

PACS:

TM34

基金资助:

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资助项目（2021YJS149）资助项目,北京市自然科学基金（3222055）,2021年高功率高效电驱动总成系统开发及产业化项目（TC210H02Q）

通讯作者: 刘瑞芳, 女,1971年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电机及电力电子系统集成分析。E-mail：rfliu@bjtu.edu.cn

作者简介: 李知浩, 男,1995年生,博士研究生,研究方向为电机及电力电子系统集成分析。E-mail：20117004@bjtu.edu.cn

引用本文:

李知浩, 刘瑞芳, 张亮亮, 李伟力, 赵秦聪. 绝缘轴承对变频电机高频轴电流的抑制机理与效果研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 8929-. Li Zhihao, Liu Ruifang, Zhang Liangliang, Li Weili, Zhao Qincong. Research on the Suppression Mechanism and Effects of Insulated Bearings on High Frequency Bearing Current. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 8929-.

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https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.230414 https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/Y0/V/I/8929

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