新能源基地柔性直流送出系统小扰动电压支撑强度评估方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.230158

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摘要

系统电压支撑强度（简称系统强度）常用于描述系统电压响应性能和量化安全稳定水平,其中基于短路比的强度量化指标在描述新能源送出极限时具有简单直观的特点。然而,现有基于短路比的分析基础是以同步机提供短路容量或电压支撑为前提,难以适用于无同步机支撑的新能源基地柔性直流送出系统。为此,本文从小扰动角度探讨新能源基地柔性直流送出系统的强度评估和分析问题,首先推导了该系统中多端口电流对母线电压的灵敏度传递函数矩阵,阐述了受扰后母线电压响应与系统静态电压稳定/小扰动同步稳定的定性关系。其次,基于送端柔直电压源等值思路,并结合新能源设备临界短路比提出了系统强度源-网分离的评估方法,将广义短路比推广应用到全电力电子系统。所提出的方法能快速分析在系统运行点处的静态电压稳定/小扰动同步稳定裕度,确定系统强度的薄弱环节以及系统强度提升的优化路径。最后,多风电场经柔性直流送出系统算例验证了评估方法的有效性。

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	马富艺龙
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	袁辉
	代江

关键词 ：系统强度, 广义短路比, 可再生能源基地, 多频段稳定性, 传输极限

Abstract：

System voltage support strength (referred to as system strength) is used to describe the voltage response performance under a disturbance and rapidly quantify stability margin. The inverter-based resources in the system generally apply the grid-following control scheme and need to adapt to the current system strength; otherwise, sub-synchronous oscillations or even voltage collapse accidents are likely to occur. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately measure the system strength to ensure the safety and stability of the renewables system. The system strength indicated by short-circuit ratio (SCR) has provided an effective and intuitive reference for grid operators for a long time. However, the existing SCR-based methods rely on the premise that synchronous generators provide short-circuit capacity or voltage support. Due to this premise, these methods are unsuitable for renewables delivery systems with voltage source converter-based high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC), where all apparatuses are power-electronic interfaces and no synchronous generators provide short-circuit capacity. It is a challenge to assess the system strength expediently and quantify the stability margin rapidly in the renewables VSC-HVDC delivery system (RVDS). As a result, this paper aims to respond this challenge and propose the system strength evaluation method in terms of small-disturbance analysis.
Firstly, to describe the bus voltage response performance under a small disturbance, the sensitivity transfer function matrix of the bus voltage to the renewables multi-feed current is derived based on linearization analysis, and the closed-loop characteristic equation can be accordingly formed. With the bus voltage as output variable, the relationship between the voltage performance and static voltage stability/ small-disturbance synchronous stability of RVDS can be described by the closed-loop characteristic equation. Secondly, the generalized short-circuit ratio (gSCR) is extended into the RVDS based on the voltage-source equivalent analysis of VSC-HVDC; Then, a source-grid separation method is presented to evaluate the system strength of RVDS by combining the apparatus critical SCR and the generalized short-circuit ratio. Finally, the proposed method is verified by simulation in multiple wind plants with VSC-HVDC. Simulation results show that the proposed system strength assessment is consistent with the trend of time-domain eigenvalues and electromagnetic transient analysis results; the stronger system strength indicates the lower instability risks. Furthermore, the voltage-supporting characteristics of VSC-HVDC can be analyzed from the perspective of system strength, and the influence of parameters variation of the voltage-current control loop of VSC-HVDC can be interpreted as the variation of gSCR. Improper parameter sets of VSC-HVDC that weaken the system should be avoided, which may trigger the subsynchronous oscillations.
The following conclusions can be drawn: 1) The gSCR of RVDS essentially represents the sensitivity of power networks, reflecting the comprehensive electrical distance between the busbar and the equivalent voltage source for multiple renewable plants. It is independent of the short-circuit current analysis based on the existence of synchronize generators. Therefore, it can adapt to the renewable energy base without the traditional support from synchronous generators. 2) The gSCR can consider the dynamic voltage support characteristics of VSC-HVDC under different voltage control parameters and be suitable for static voltage stability and small-disturbance synchronous stability analysis. It is the extension of the generalized short-circuit ratio theory in RVDS; 3) The system strength of RVDS can be quantified by the relative difference value between the gSCR and apparatus critical SCR, which is convenient for collaborative implementation from both the resource and the network sides and helps to quickly screen and keep away from the system operations with high instability risks.

Key words： System strength generalized short-circuit ratio renewable energy base multiband stability transmission limit

收稿日期: 2023-02-14

PACS:

TM712

基金资助:

贵州电网公司科技项目资助（GZKJXM20222225）

通讯作者: 辛焕海男,1981年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为交直流系统稳定分析与控制、新能源并网稳定分析与控制。E-mail：xinhh@zju.edu.cn

作者简介: 马富艺龙男,1996年生,博士研究生,研究方向为新能源并网稳定分析与控制。E-mail：12210001@zju.edu.cn

引用本文:

马富艺龙, 辛焕海, 刘晨曦, 李诗旸, 袁辉, 代江. 新能源基地柔性直流送出系统小扰动电压支撑强度评估方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 230158-230158. Ma Fuyilong, Xin Huanhai, Liu Chenxi, Li Shiyang, Yuan Hui, Dai Jiang. Small-Disturbance System Voltage Support Strength Assessment Method for Renewables VSC-HVDC Delivery System. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 230158-230158.

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