半密闭腔室内冲击闪络电弧观测及弧后气体逸散过程研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.222128

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摘要

多腔室灭弧装置可保护绝缘子、抑制故障电弧存续,具有成为配网线路防护增补措施的潜力。半密闭腔室作为其基本单元,腔室内冲击闪络电弧演变进程尚缺乏完备观测手段和针对不同电极结构的直观对比及弧后气体状态的量化分析。为进一步完善半密闭腔室内电弧演变过程观测方法,优化结构设计,该文搭建了用于观测半密闭腔室电弧及弧后气体演变的高速纹影系统,对比分析了开放气隙与半密闭腔室气隙、U型电极和球形电极下半密闭腔室内冲击闪络电弧演变过程,根据纹影图像数据定义密度恢复率并采用光流法,探讨了弧后气体逸散过程中气体密度恢复和速度场分布。电弧演变过程的纹影图像表明半密闭腔室较开放气隙具有主动“吹弧”作用,由于自感应磁场的分布差异,U型电极较球形电极加速腔室内电弧运动;弧后气体演变为近似涡环结构,促使腔室出口邻近区域气体密度率先恢复,空气自恢复能力得到提升。

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	刘良顺

关键词 ：半密闭腔室, 纹影观测, 电弧演变, 电极结构, 弧后气体密度

Abstract：

The multi-chamber arc-extinguishing device, which consists of multiple semienclosed chambers connected in series, protects insulators and inhibits the development of fault arcs on the distribution network lines; the current research on it mainly focuses on optimizing the structural parameters of the chamber to improve the arc-extinguishing effect. However, the comparative observation of the arc evolution and arc-extinguishing effect under different electrode structures is rarely involved. Meanwhile, when the arc is no longer glowing but its temperature is high, it’s difficult for the high-speed camera to observe the complete process of arc evolution and gas state recovery, and there is a lack of quantitative characterization of the post-arc gas dissipation process. To address these issues, a high-speed schlieren system for the semienclosed chamber has been developed. The arc evolution process of capacious air gap and semienclosed chamber with different electrodes is analyzed. And the gas density recovery and velocity field distribution are discussed by the optical flow method and the density recovery rate defined by the schlieren image data.
The observation platform for the semienclosed chamber quenching arc consists of two parts: an impulse current generator and a high-speed schlieren observation system. The impulse current generator produces an arc current with an amplitude of 2 kA waveform of 8/20 μs. Secondly, the high-speed schlieren observation system consists of a central wavelength 550nm green light source, lenses (collimating and converging lenses), a blade, and a high-speed camera arranged coaxially. When the breakdown of air gap appears, the oscilloscope simultaneously sends a signal to trigger the high-speed camera to realize the simultaneous acquisition of current and voltage waveform data and schlieren images. As shown in Fig.3, the experimental objects are three different semienclosed chamber samples.
Arc evolution schlieren images of the semienclosed chamber connecting capacious air gap in series show that the semienclosed chamber exhibits the "arc-blowing" effect, with the arc column distributed along the upper and lower walls of the chamber and stretched outwards towards the nozzle. In Fig.4, at 106.7 μs there is no obvious arc in the chamber until 606.7 μs when the arc disappears in the open air gap, there exists a difference of 500μs compared to the arc extinguishing moment of the semienclosed chamber. The comparison of the arc form in the chamber with U-type and spherical electrodes indicates that, the arc frontal between the U-type electrodes structure overtakes the one between the spherical electrodes, with the interval gradually increasing with time. By comparing the density recovery rates at different moments in different regions and defining the gas density recovery time. The gas density recovery times in the regions tagged with 1, 2 and 3 are 1.24 ms, 4.62 ms and 5.95 ms respectively. The velocity distribution of the post-arc gas at different moments shows that the velocity vectors on both sides of the gas frontal point to the side and rear, while the other in the middle region point to the front as a whole, and there exists obvious entrainment phenomenon in the gas motion process, which approximates vortex-ring structure.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the result analysis: (1) The semienclosed chamber has an active “arc-blowing” effect compared with the open air gap, which promotes the arc to form strong convection with the external gas, enhances the arc energy dissipation, and shortens the arc-extinguishing time. (2) The transverse induced magnetic field appears when the current flows through the U-type electrodes, which accelerates the arc motion versus the spherical electrodes. In the design of the multi-chamber arc-extinguishing device, U-type electrodes will be more conducive to accelerating arc-extinguishing than spherical electrodes. (3) The gas density recovery rate in the vicinity of the semienclosed chamber outlet is faster, and where the recovery time is shorter. During the post-arc gas movement, the gas is entrained inward, which evolves into an approximate vortex-ring structure, and gets gradually separated from the gas in the vicinity of the chamber outlet, where the phenomenon promotes density recovery.

Key words： The semienclosed chamber schlieren observation arc evolution electrode structures post-arc gas density

收稿日期: 2022-11-11

PACS:

TM863

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金面上项目资助（51777020）

通讯作者: 袁涛男,1976年生,副教授,博士生导师,主要从事电力系统过电压防护及防雷接地技术、电磁兼容技术方面的研究工作。E-mail：yuantao_cq@cqu.edu.cn

作者简介: 杨泽文男,1998年生,硕士研究生,从事输电线路故障电弧防护方面的研究工作。E-mail：202011021108t@cqu.edu.cn

引用本文:

袁涛, 杨泽文, 司马文霞, 邓明海, 任健行, 刘良顺. 半密闭腔室内冲击闪络电弧观测及弧后气体逸散过程研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 222128-222128. Yuan Tao, Yang Zewen, Sima Wenxia, Deng Minghai, Ren JianXing, Liu Liangshun. Study on Impluse Flashover Arc Observation and Post-Arc Gas Dissipation Process in the Semienclosed Chamber. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 222128-222128.

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https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.222128 https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/Y0/V/I/222128

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