光伏电站与弱交流电网间次同步交互作用路径及阻尼特性分析

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221776

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摘要

大规模光伏发电经长距离输电线路并入主网时,光伏电站和弱交流电网的交互作用可能使光伏并网系统面临次同步振荡（SSO）的威胁,但目前针对系统内部次同步交互作用的相关研究较少。针对上述问题,本文首先将阻尼转矩法推广到锁相环（PLL）振荡模态,并推导了光伏并网系统的线性化闭环传递函数框图。然后,基于闭环传递函数框图,揭示了PLL主导的SSO模式下系统阻尼构成和光伏电站与弱交流电网间动态交互过程。最后,借鉴等效阻尼系数量化评估了次同步交互作用的阻尼特性。结果表明,光伏并入弱交流电网系统存在PLL主导的SSO风险;光伏电站与弱交流电网的次同步交互作用向光伏并网系统提供负阻尼,是系统SSO的主导因素;增加PLL比例系数、交流电网强度、光伏电站光照强度或温度,减小PLL积分系数或光伏容量,能够增加次同步交互作用的阻尼贡献,提高光伏并网系统稳定性。时域仿真验证了理论分析结果的正确性。

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关键词 ：光伏电站, 次同步振荡, 次同步交互作用, 阻尼转矩法, 锁相环

Abstract：

When large-scale photovoltaic (PV) plant is integrated into the AC grid through long transmission lines, the interaction between PV plant and weak AC grid may make PV plant integrated to weak AC grid system face the threat of subsynchronous oscillation (SSO). However, there are few related studies on subsynchronous interaction within the PV plant integrated to weak AC grid system. The mechanism and characteristics of the subsynchronous interaction between PV plant and weak AC grid are not clear, and the existing analysis methods are difficult to quantify the damping characteristics of the subsynchronous interaction. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes to extend the damping torque method to the dynamic equation of phase-locked loop (PLL) in the PV plant integrated to weak AC grid system, so as to analyze the subsynchronous interaction between PV plant and weak AC grid.
Firstly, the damping torque method is extended to the PLL dynamic equation, which realizes the stability analysis of the PV plant integrated to weak AC grid system in the SSO mode dominated by PLL. Secondly, the linearization model of the PV plant integrated to weak AC grid system and its corresponding closed-loop transfer function block diagram are derived. Based on the closed-loop transfer function diagram, the coupling relationship and interaction path between PV plant and weak AC grid are revealed from the perspective of internal disturbance transfer, and the dynamic process of the interaction path affecting SSO mode damping is analyzed. Thirdly, through transfer function derivation, the damping path reflecting the subsynchronous interaction is separated, and the equivalent damping coefficient is used to quantify the SSO mode damping of the subsynchronous interaction. Finally, the influences of PLL control parameters, PV capacity, AC grid strength, PV plant intensity and temperature on the damping characteristics of subsynchronous interaction are analyzed.
The mechanism analysis of the subsynchronous interaction shows that, the current disturbance of PV plant and weak AC grid and the grid-side voltage disturbance drive each other at the point of common coupling, forming the subsynchronous interaction path. Then, the subsynchronous interaction path will form a closed-loop damping path through the PLL in the SSO mode dominated by PLL, affecting the system SSO mode damping. Therefore, in order to analyze the damping characteristics of the subsynchronous interaction, the damping contribution of PV plant itself and subsynchronous interaction are quantitatively evaluated through the damping path separation. The results show that the PV plant itself provides positive damping to the system, and the subsynchronous interaction provides negative damping to the system, resulting in SSO of the PV plant integrated to weak AC grid system. In addition, increasing PLL proportion coefficient, AC grid strength, PV plant intensity or temperature, and decreasing PLL integration coefficient or PV capacity can increase the damping contribution of subsynchronous interaction and improve the stability of the PV plant integrated to weak AC grid system.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the theoretical analysis: 1) The subsynchronous interaction between PV plant and weak AC grid will form the damping path through the PLL, affecting the SSO mode damping of the system. There is the SSO risk dominated by PLL in the PV plant integrated to weak AC grid system. 2) The subsynchronous interaction between PV plant and weak AC grid provides negative damping to the system, which is the dominant factor for the SSO of the PV plant integrated to weak AC grid system. 3) Reasonable design of system parameters according to the negative damping characteristics of subsynchronous interaction can effectively increase the SSO mode damping of the PV plant integrated to weak AC grid system, and better maintain the original positive damping characteristics of PV plant.

Key words： Photovoltaic plant subsynchronous oscillation subsynchronous interaction damping torque method phase-locked loop

收稿日期: 2022-09-18

PACS:

TM712

基金资助:

国家重点研发计划资助项目“响应驱动的大电网稳定性智能增强分析与控制技术”(2021YFB2400800)

通讯作者: 邓鹏程男,1998年生,硕士,研究方向为新能源并网系统次同步振荡分析。E-mail：1533202670@qq.com

作者简介: 高本锋男,1981年生,副教授,研究方向为高压直流输电和电力系统次同步振荡。E-mail：gaobenfeng@126.com;梁纪峰男,1985年生,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向为新能源电力系统运行分析与控制、分布式能源与电能质量技术研究。E-mail：ljifeng@126.com;赵宇皓男,1983年生,硕士,教授级高级工程师,研究方向为电力系统继电保护与稳定控制相关技术研究。Email：zhyh2189@163.com

引用本文:

高本锋, 邓鹏程, 梁纪峰, 赵宇皓. 光伏电站与弱交流电网间次同步交互作用路径及阻尼特性分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 93-93. Gao Benfeng, Deng Pengcheng, Liang Jifeng, Zhao Yuhao. Analysis of Path and Damping Characteristics of Subsynchronous Interaction Between Photovoltaic Plant and Weak AC Grid. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 93-93.

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