Abstract:At present, power internet of things (PIoT) is a transitional form which represents development and innovation of the power industry towards the Energy Internet. It is facing a new era of digital transformation in the directions such as monitoring and management. Existing data transmission schemes are too weak to cope with the change. It is urgent to introduce advanced data transmission schemes as a digital forerunner to lead and improve the construction of PIoT. The 5th generation mobile networks (5G) is favored by all walks of life due to its advantages in performance indicators such as bandwidth, time delay, and transmission. In the future, 5G is also expected to be deeply integrated with the PIoT, in order to meet development challenges. Therefore, the article focused on the data transmission technologies in PIoT, firstly expounded the importance of data transmission in the process of building PIoT, analyzed the data transmission network among PIoT through combing the PIoT architecture, and divided the data transmission schemes’ application scenarios into three categories: collection, control, and power business information transmission. Then used the three categories as a basis to sort out and discuss the application status of the existing data transmission schemes in PIoT, and combining with the current digital transformation, analyzed the new demands of PIoT for data transmission schemes. Next, starting from the technical features of 5G technology itself, the authors analyzed its applicability in PIoT, and summarized 5G’s research status in PIoT. Finally, the authors pointed out challenges that 5G technology may meet when is applied into PIoT at future. What’s more, the trend that data transmission schemes will carry in PIoT was pointed out, which not only will carry extremely large amounts of diversified data information, but also will develop with an integrated communication architecture. The authors hope provide reference for the research and practice of PIoT.
黄彦钦, 余浩, 尹钧毅, 孟国栋, 成永红. 电力物联网数据传输方案:现状与基于5G技术的展望[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(17): 3581-3593.
Huang Yanqin, Yu Hao, Yin Junyi, Meng Guodong, Cheng Yonghong. Data Transmission Schemes of Power Internet of Things:Present and Outlook Based on 5G Technology. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(17): 3581-3593.
[1] 丁涛, 牟晨璐, 别朝红, 等. 能源互联网及其优化运行研究现状综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2018, 38(15): 4318-4328. Ding Tao, Mu Chenlu, Bie Zhaohong, et al.Review of energy internet and its operation[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2018, 38(15): 4318-4328. [2] 张小平, 李佳宁, 付灏. 全球能源互联网对话工业4.0[J]. 电网技术, 2016, 40(6): 1607-1611. Zhang Xiaoping, Li Jianing, Fu Hao.Global energy interconnection dialogue industry 4.0[J]. Power System Technology, 2016, 40(6): 1607-1611. [3] 杨方, 白翠粉, 张义斌. 能源互联网的价值与实现架构研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2015, 35(14): 3495-3502. Yang Fang, Bai Cuifen, Zhang Yibin.Research on the value and implementation framework of energy internet[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015, 35(14): 3495-3502. [4] 马钊, 周孝信, 尚宇炜, 等. 能源互联网概念,关键技术及发展模式探索[J]. 电网技术, 2015, 39(11): 3014-3022. Ma Zhao, Zhou Xiaoxin, Shang Yuwei, et al.Exploring the concept, key technologies and development model of energy internet[J]. Power System Technology, 2015, 39(11): 3014-3022. [5] 刘振亚. 全球能源互联网[M]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2015. [6] 刘东, 盛万兴, 王云, 等. 电网信息物理系统的关键技术及其进展[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2015, 35(14): 3522-3522. Liu Dong, Sheng Wanxing, Wang Yun, et al.Key technologies and trends of cyber physical system for power grid[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015, 35(14): 3522-3522. [7] 董朝阳, 赵俊华, 文福拴, 等. 从智能电网到能源互联网: 基本概念与研究框架[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2014, 38(15): 1-11. Dong Zhaoyang, Zhao Junhua, Wen Fushuan, et al.From smart grid to energy internet: basic concept and research framework[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2014, 38(15): 1-11. [8] 孙宏斌, 郭庆来, 潘昭光. 能源互联网: 理念、架构与前沿展望[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2015, 39(19): 1-8. Sun Hongbin, Guo Qinglai, Pan Zhaoguang.Energy internet: concept, architecture and frontier outlook[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(19): 1-8. [9] Zhu Rongwu, Markus Andresen, Marius Langwasser, et al.Smart transformer/large flexible transformer[J]. CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2020, 4(4): 264-274. [10] 王继业, 孟坤, 曹军威, 等. 能源互联网信息技术研究综述[J]. 计算机研究与发展, 2015, 52(5): 1109-1126. Wang Jiye, Meng Kun, Cao Junwei, et al.Information technology for energy internet: a survey[J]. Journal of Computer Research and Development, 2015, 52(5): 1109-1126. [11] 郭庆来, 王博弘, 田年丰, 等. 能源互联网数据交易: 架构与关键技术[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(11): 7-17. Guo Qinglai, Wang Bohong, Tian Nianfeng, et al.Data transactions in energy internet: architecture and key technologies[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(11): 7-17. [12] 刘世成, 张东霞, 朱朝阳, 等. 能源互联网中大数据技术思考[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2016, 40(8): 14-21. Liu Shicheng, Zhang Dongxia, Zhu Chaoyang, et al.A view on big data in energy internet[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40(8): 14-21. [13] 5G应用产业方阵. 5G行业虚拟专网网络架构[R]. 2020. 5G Applications Industry Array. Network architecture of 5G industry virtual private network[R]. 2020. [14] Sun Xin, Li Tingting, Chen Minghui, et al.Key technology applications and development prospects of ubiquitous electric internet of things[C]// 2019 IEEE Sustainable Power and Energy Conference, Beijing, 2019: 134-139. [15] 陈永波, 汤奕, 艾鑫伟, 等. 基于LPWAN技术的能源电力物联专网[J]. 电信科学, 2017, 33(5): 143-152. Chen Yongbo, Tang Yi, Ai Xinwei, et al.Electricity internet of things based on LPWAN technology[J]. Telecommunication Science, 2017, 33(5): 143-152. [16] 郑玉平, 王丹, 万灿, 等. 面向新型城镇的能源互联网关键技术及应用[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2019, 43(14): 2-15. Zheng Yuping, Wang Dan, Wan Can, et al.Key technology and application of energy internet oriented to new-type towns[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2019, 43(14): 2-15. [17] Wang Qiang, Wang Yonggang.Research on power internet of things architecture for smart grid demand[C]// 2018 2nd IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2), Beijing, 2018: 1-9. [18] Garau M, Anedda M, Desogus C, et al.A 5G cellular technology for distributed monitoring and control in smart grid[C]//2017 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting, Cagliari, 2017: 1-6. [19] Zhao Hongda, Wang Zhe, Zhu Mingxia, et al.Application of 5G communication technology in ubiquitous power internet of things[C]//2020 Asia Energy and Electrical Engineering Symposium, Chengdu, 2020: 618-624. [20] Moongilan D.5G wireless communications (60 GHz band) for smart grid-an EMC perspective[C]//2016 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Ottawa, 2016: 689-694. [21] 国家电力有限公司. 泛在电力物联网白皮书[R]. 2019. [22] 江秀臣, 刘亚东, 傅晓飞, 等. 输配电设备泛在电力物联网建设思路与发展趋势[J]. 高电压技术, 2019, 45(5): 1345-1351. Jiang Xiuchen, Liu Yadong, Fu Xiaofei, et al.Construction ideas and development trends of transmission and distribution equipment of the ubiquitous power internet of things[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2019, 45(5): 1345-1351. [23] 王洪亮、束洪春、周洁. 物联网环境下变电站信号可并行识别的改进帧时隙ALOHA算法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(23): 92-99. Wang Hongliang, Shu Hongchun, Zhou Jie.Improved framed slot ALOHA algorithm of parallel identification for substation signals in IoT environment[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(23): 92-99. [24] Gungor V C, Sahin D, Kocak T, et al.Smart grid technologies: communication technologies and standards[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2011, 7(4): 529-539. [25] 张淑娥, 孔英会, 高强. 电力系统通信技术[M]. 3版. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2015. [26] 蒲红红, 刘晓胜, 韩铭, 等. 电力线通信信道下协作非正交多址接入系统的分布式机会中继选择[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(11): 28-40. Pu Honghong, Liu Xiaosheng, Han Ming, et al.Distributed opportunistic relay selection for cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access power line communication networks[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(11): 28-40. [27] 张宁, 杨经纬, 王毅, 等. 面向泛在电力物联网的5G通信:技术原理与典型应用[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2019, 39(14): 4015-4025. Zhang Ning, Yang Jingwei, Wang Yi, et al.5G communication for the ubiquitous internet of things in electricity: technical principles and typical applications[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2019, 39(14): 4015-4025. [28] 成永红, 陈玉, 孟永鹏, 等. 变电站电力设备绝缘综合在线监测系统的开发[J]. 高电压技术, 2007, 33(8): 61-65. Cheng Yonghong, Chen Yu, Meng Yongpeng, et al.Development of the integrated online—monitoring system for the insulation of power equipment in the transformer substation[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2007, 33(8): 61-65. [29] 赵煦, 成永红, 孟永鹏, 等. 变压器多参量在线监测集成系统的开发和应用[J]. 中国电力, 2011, 44(7): 31-35. Zhao Xu, Cheng Yonghong, Meng Yongpeng, et al.The development and application of the transformer multi-participation online monitoring integrated system[J]. China Power, 2011, 44(7): 31-35. [30] 汪沨, 申晨, 何荣涛. 基于UHF传感器与以太网的GIS局部放电监测系统设计[J]. 传感器与微系统, 2015, 34(6): 82-85. Wang Feng, Shen Chen, He Rongtao.Design of GIS partial discharge monitoring system based on UHF sensor and Ethernet[J]. Transducer and Microsystem Technologies, 2015, 34(6): 82-85. [31] 杨丽, 赵建国, Peter A Crossley, 等. 数字化变电站继电保护系统过程总线结构研究[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2010, 30(8): 111-115. Yang Li, Zhao Jianguo, Crossley P A, et al.Research of process bus architecture for protection system of digital substation[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2010, 30(8): 111-115. [32] 殷志良, 刘万顺, 杨奇逊, 等. 基于IEC 61850标准的过程总线通信研究与实现[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2005, 25(8): 84-89. Yin Zhiliang, Liu Wanshun, Yang Qixun, et al.Research and implementation of the communication of process bus based on IEC 61850[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2005, 25(8): 84-89. [33] 刘云鹏, 李岩松, 黄世龙, 等. 基于光纤传输的气体绝缘开关设备局部放电超声波检测系统[J]. 高电压技术, 2016, 42(1): 186-191. Liu Yunpeng, Li Yansong, Huang Shilong, et al.Ultrasonic detection system for gas insulated switchgear partial discharge based on optical fiber transmission[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2016, 42(1): 186-191. [34] 聂一雄, 尹项根, 张哲. 基于光学传感器和光纤网的变电站自动化系统构想[J]. 中国电力, 2001, 34(8): 35-38. Nie Yixiong, Yin Xianggen, Zhang Zhe.The proposition of substation automation system based on optical transducer and optic-fiber web[J]. Electric Power, 2001, 34(8): 35-38. [35] 5G助力智能电网应用白皮书[R].5G助力智能电网应用白皮书[R]. 2018. White paper on 5G powering smart grid applications[R].White paper on 5G powering smart grid applications[R]. 2018. [36] Xu Fangmin, Yang Fan, Wu Xinya, et al.Application and experiments of 5G technology powered industrial internet[C]//2017 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting, Cagliari, 2019: 1-6. [37] 尚志军, 王秋石, 崔世界, 等. 智能变电站在线监测无线通信系统[J]. 仪器仪表标准化与计量, 2013(1): 33-34, 38. Shang Zhijun, Wang Qiushi, Cui Shijie, et al.Online monitor of intelligent substation in wireless communication system[J]. Instrument Standardization & Metrology, 2013(1): 33-34, 38. [38] 周东杰. 电力通信网络中的信息通信技术研究[D]. 南京: 南京大学, 2018. [39] 肖勇, 钱斌, 蔡梓文, 等. 电力物联网终端非法无线通信链路检测方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(11): 2319-2327. Xiao Yong, Qian Bin, Cai Ziwen, et al.Malicious wireless communication link detection of power internet of thing devices[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(11): 2319-2327. [40] Saleem Y, Crespi N, Rehmani M H, et al.Internet of things-aided smart grid: technologies, architectures, applications, prototypes, and future research directions[J]. IEEE Access, 2019(7): 62962-63003. [41] Zheng Weiming, Sun Ke, Zhang Xiaodi, et al.Cellular communication for ubiquitous internet of things in smart grids: present and outlook[C]//2020 Chinese Control and Decision Conference, Hefei, 2020: 5592-5596. [42] Mulla A, Baviskar J, Khare S, et al.The wireless technologies for smart grid communication: a review[C]//2015 Fifth International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies, Gwalior, 2015: 442-447. [43] 5G deployment could bring millions of jobs and billions of euros benefits, study finds[DB/OL]. study finds[DB/OL]. https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/ 5g-deployment-could-bring-millions-jobs-and-billions-euros-benefits-study-finds, 2016. [44] 黄家凯, 高厚磊. 输电线路自同步电流差动保护[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(9):1944-1951. Huang Jiakai, Gao Houlei.Self-synchronized current differential protection scheme for transmission line[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(9): 1944-1951. [45] 张子忠. 基于NB-IoT的分布式光伏电站漏电监测系统[D]. 保定: 华北电力大学, 2019. [46] 陈皓勇, 陈永波, 王晓娟, 等. 基于LPWAN的泛在电力物联网[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2019, 47(8): 1-8. Chen Haoyong, Chen Yongbo, Wang Xiaojuan, et al.Ubiquitous power internet of things based on LPWAN[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2019, 47(8): 1-8. [47] Bai Wei, Ma Ping, Lu Yang, et al.Research on the compatibility between electrical wireless communication services and 5th generation wireless systems[C]// 2019 IEEE 5th International Conference on Computer and Communications, Chengdu, China, 2019: 906-911. [48] 国家电网公司. 深化能源领域创新合作, 共同推动能源转型发展[R]. 2019. [49] Costa Requena J, Estevan C B, Borenius S.Transport layer and synchronization for smart grid and industrial internet in 5G networks[C]//IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids, Beijing, 2019: 1-5. [50] Hao Hanran, Wang Yuchen, Shi Yi, et al.IoT-G: a low-latency and high-reliability private power wireless communication architecture for smart grid[C]//IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids, Beijing, 2019: 1-6. [51] Laverty D M, Morrow D J, Best R, et al.Telecommunications for smart grid: backhaul solutions for the distribution network[C]//IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 2010, DOI: 10.1109/PES.2010.5589563. [52] Zeinali M, Thompson J, Khirallah C, et al.Evolution of home energy management and smart metering communications towards 5G[C]//The Network of the Future conference, London, 2017: 85-90. [53] NRG5 project- enabling smart energy as service via 5G network advances[DB/OL]. http://www.nrg5.eu, 2019. [54] WIVE project-wireless for verticals[DB/OL]. https:// wive.turkuamk.WIVE project-wireless for verticals[DB/OL]. https:// wive.turkuamk.fi, 2019. [55] SONGO project- service oriented grid for the network of the future[DB/OL]. https://www.sogno-energy.SONGO project- service oriented grid for the network of the future[DB/OL]. https://www.sogno-energy.eu, 2019. [56] Borgaonkar R, Jaatun M G.5G as an enabler for secure IoT in the smart grid[C]// 2019 First International Conference on Societal Automation, Krakow, 2019: 1-3. [57] 信息通信行业发展规划(2016-2020年)[J]. 中国电信业, 2017(2): 50-63. Information and communication industry development plan (2016-2020)[J]. China Telecommunication Trade, 2017(2): 50-63. [58] 王毅, 陈启鑫, 张宁, 等. 5G通信与泛在电力物联网的融合:应用分析与研究展望[J]. 电网技术, 2019, 43(5): 1575-1585. Wang Yi, Chen Qixin, Zhang Ning, et al.Integration of 5G communication and ubiquitous power internet of things: application analysis and research prospects[J]. Power System Technology, 2019, 43(5): 1575-1585. [59] Etsi TS.Machine to machine communications (M2M); M2M service requirements[R]. Sophia Antipolis, France, 2010. [60] IEEE Std.1646. Standard communication delivery time performance requirements for electric power substation automation[S]. 2004. [61] Ahrend U, Aleksy M, Berning M, et al.Challenges of the digital transformation: the role of sensors, sensor networks, IoT-devices, and 5G[C]//2019 First International Conference on Societal Automation, Krakow, 2019: 1-12. [62] 冯薇玺, 李清, 周子强. 基于5G无人机电力巡维的实现与研究[J]. 数字技术与应用, 2019, 37(11): 97-98. Feng Weixi, Li Qing, Zhou Ziqiang.Implementation and research of power inspection based on 5G UAV[J]. Digital Technology and Application, 2019, 37(11): 97-98. [63] 赵雷, 刘枝峰, 赵志伟. 5G技术在巡检机器人上的应用[J]. 中国新通信, 2019, 21(18): 128. Zhao Lei, Liu Zifeng, Zhao Zhiwei.The application of 5G technology in inspection robots[J]. China New Telecommunications, 2019, 21(18): 128. [64] 王廷凰, 余江, 许健, 等. 基于5G无线通信的配电网自适应差动保护技术探讨[J]. 供用电, 2019, 36(9): 18-21. Wang Yanhuang, Yu Jiang, Xu Jian, et al.Discussion on adaptive differential protection technology for distribution network based on 5G wireless communi-cation[J]. Power Supply and Consumption, 2019, 36(9): 18-21. [65] 吕玉祥, 杨阳, 董亚文, 等. 5G技术在配电网电流差动保护业务中的应用[J]. 电信科学, 2020, 36(2): 83-89. Lü Yuxiang, Yang Yang, Dong Yawen, et al.Application of 5G technology in the current differential protection of distribution network[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2020, 36(2): 83-89. [66] Cosovic M, Tsitsimelis A, Vukobratovic D, et al.5G mobile cellular networks: enabling distributed state estimation for smart grids[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2017, 55(10): 62-69. [67] Tao J, Umair M, Ali M, et al.The impact of internet of things supported by emerging 5G in power systems: a review[J]. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2020, 6(2): 344-352. [68] Collier S E.The emerging enernet: convergence of the smart grid with the internet of things[J]. IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, 2017, 23(2): 12-16. [69] 汤忆则, 马平, 高钧利, 等. 基于智能电网的一体化信息通信网络发展研究[J]. 数字通信, 2014, 41(4): 80-83. Tang Yize, Ma Ping, Gao Junli, et al.Integration of information communication network based on smart power grid[J]. Digital Communication, 2014, 41(4): 80-83.