A Partially Integrated Architecture-Based Three-Port Converter with Circulating Current Suppression Control Strategy
Lin Zisen, Pan Shangzhi, Hu Qiyuan, Gong Jinwu, Zha Xiaoming
Hubei Key Laboratory of Power Equipment & System Security for Integrated Energy School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
Abstract：Three-port converters are inherently well-suited for renewable energy-storage systems due to their multiple energy interfaces and flexible power transfer between ports. However, existing three-port topologies are limited in power-transfer capacity due to duty-cycle variations and struggle to achieve efficient power transfer over a wide input-voltage range. This paper proposes a partially integrated, architecture-based three-port converter with circulating-current suppression control. By partially integrating a non-isolated converter with an isolated converter, the influence of pulse width modulation (PWM) control on the isolated converter is decoupled. Thus, the isolated converter consistently operates at a fixed 50% duty cycle, eliminating the negative impact of duty-cycle variations. Consequently, the converter maintains optimal operating conditions across a wide input range, achieving highly efficient power transfer. The partially integrated unit (PIU) processes only the differential power between the two non-isolated ports, significantly reducing the additional losses. Furthermore, a circulating-current suppression control strategy is proposed for the three-port converter. By adjusting the inner phase-shift angle of the PIU, the PIU's operating sequence is reconfigured, thereby suppressing the circulating current and achieving substantial efficiency improvements. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed converter enables flexible, independent control of power flow between ports while maintaining a fixed 50% duty cycle for the isolated converter. Additionally, the flying capacitor reduces voltage stress on all primary-side switches. The proposed control strategy enhances converter efficiency across operating conditions. The three-port converter achieves a peak efficiency of 97.6% when the two input ports have matched voltages and a 1.5% efficiency improvement when the input ports have mismatched voltages. The following conclusions can be drawn. (1) The proposed three-port converter provides a single-stage, high-efficiency power transmission path for both main power and differential power. The isolated converter maintains a fixed 50% duty cycle under operating conditions, eliminating the negative effects of PWM control, such as increased current stress and a narrowed soft-switching range. (2) The PIU handles only differential power, and the negative effects of PWM control are minimized. Furthermore, the PIU introduces minimal additional losses in the three-port converter, enabling high efficiency and a compact design. (3) The proposed circulating current suppression control strategy and its optimized trajectory design can eliminate circulating currents when the voltages of the two input ports are matched and suppress the circulating current with soft switching operations when the voltages of the two input ports are mismatched.
林子森, 潘尚智, 胡齐元, 宫金武, 查晓明. 基于部分集成架构的三端口变换器及其循环电流抑制控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2026, 41(18): 6239-6255.
Lin Zisen, Pan Shangzhi, Hu Qiyuan, Gong Jinwu, Zha Xiaoming. A Partially Integrated Architecture-Based Three-Port Converter with Circulating Current Suppression Control Strategy. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2026, 41(18): 6239-6255.
[1] 卓振宇, 张宁, 谢小荣, 等. 高比例可再生能源电力系统关键技术及发展挑战[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2021, 45(9): 171-191. Zhuo Zhenyu, Zhang Ning, Xie Xiaorong, et al.Key technologies and developing challenges of power system with high proportion of renewable energy[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2021, 45(9): 171-191. [2] 刘畅, 卓建坤, 赵东明, 等. 利用储能系统实现可再生能源微电网灵活安全运行的研究综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40(1): 1-18, 369. Liu Chang, Zhuo Jiankun, Zhao Dongming, et al.A review on the utilization of energy storage system for the flexible and safe operation of renewable energy microgrids[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40(1): 1-18, 369. [3] 陈冲, 贾利民, 赵天宇, 等. 光伏和储能植入铁路牵引供电系统的拓扑架构与控制策略研究综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(24): 7874-7901. Chen Chong, Jia Limin, Zhao Tianyu, et al.Research review on topology and control strategy of PV and energy storage connected to railway traction power supply systems[J]. Transactions of China Electro- technical Society, 2024, 39(24): 7874-7901. [4] Bhattacharjee A K, Kutkut N, Batarseh I.Review of multiport converters for solar and energy storage integration[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Elec- tronics, 2019, 34(2): 1431-1445. [5] 周国华, 唐熹, 王娜, 等. 基于耦合电感和倍压单元的高增益Boost-SEPIC三端口变换器[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2025, 45(22): 8983-8996. Zhou Guohua, Tang Xi, Wang Na, et al.High gain boost-SEPIC three-port converter based on coupling inductor and voltage multiplier[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2025, 45(22): 8983-8996. [6] 高圣伟, 祝庆同. 一种独立光储发电系统用宽输入范围非隔离三端口变换器[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(4): 970-982. Gao Shengwei, Zhu Qingtong.A wide input range non-isolated three-port converter for stand-alone PV storage power generation system[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(4): 970-982. [7] 彭珉轩, 孙建军, 郭佳雪, 等. 一种复合三端口AC/DC/DC光储并网变换器[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2023, 43(17): 6776-6786. Peng Minxuan, Sun Jianjun, Guo Jiaxue, et al.A kind of composite three-port AC/DC/DC grid-connected converter with PV and BESS[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2023, 43(17): 6776-6786. [8] Zhou Guohua, Tian Qingxin, Li Haoze.Three-port forward converters with compact structure and extended duty cycle range[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2023, 70(1): 566-581. [9] Wang Liang, Wang Haoyu, Fu Minfan, et al.A three-port energy router for grid-tied PV generation systems with optimized control methods[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2023, 38(1): 1218-1231. [10] Sadeghpour D, Bauman J.Integrated three-port converter for solar-charged electric vehicle appli- cations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Elec- tronics, 2024, 71(7): 6907-6917. [11] Kieu H P, Do N Q, Choi S.Dual floating based three port DC-DC converter for EV-APM[J]. IEEE Transac- tions on Power Electronics, 2025, 40(3): 4268-4278. [12] 赵剑, 张哲, 李召端, 等. 三端口CLLC固态变压器的设计与优化[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(23): 7542-7553. Zhao Jian, Zhang Zhe, Li Zhaoduan, et al.Design and optimization of three-port CLLC solid-state trans- former[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(23): 7542-7553. [13] 李佳, 岑汝平, 龙虹毓, 等. 基于分层约束的隔离型三有源桥变换器参数优化设计方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(20): 6604-6617. Li Jia, Cen Ruping, Long Hongyu, et al.A parameter optimization design method for isolated triple active bridge converter based on hierarchical constraints[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(20): 6604-6617. [14] 兰征, 王雪丽, 余雪萍, 等. 基于电路分解模型的三有源桥电流有效值优化控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(20): 6488-6501. Lan Zheng, Wang Xueli, Yu Xueping, et al.Optimal control strategy for triple active bridge current RMS based on circuit decomposition model[J]. Transac- tions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(20): 6488-6501. [15] Tang Xinxi, Wu Hongfei, Hua Wenmin, et al.Three- port bidirectional series-resonant converter with first-harmonic-synchronized PWM[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Elec- tronics, 2021, 9(2): 1410-1419. [16] Lin Zisen, Pan Shangzhi, Wang Minglong, et al.A three-port LCC resonant converter for the 380-V/48-V hybrid DC system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2022, 37(9): 10864-10876. [17] Wang Zhiqing, Luo Quanming, Wei Yuqi, et al.Topology analysis and review of three-port DC-DC converters[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Elec- tronics, 2020, 35(11): 11783-11800. [18] Wang Guangyu, Wen Huiqing, Xu Peichao, et al.A comprehensive review of integrated three-port DC- DC converters with key performance indices[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2024, 39(5): 6391-6408. [19] 孙孝峰, 刘飞龙, 申彦峰, 等. 单Buck/Boost集成三端口双向DC/DC变换器研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2016, 37(1): 24-31. Sun Xiaofeng, Liu Feilong, Shen Yanfeng, et al.Research on single Buck/Boost integrated three-port bidirectional DC/DC converter[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2016, 37(1): 24-31. [20] 孙孝峰, 申彦峰, 霍庆颖. PWM加双移相控制双向Buck-Boost集成三端口DC-DC变换器[J]. 太阳能学报, 2016, 37(5): 1180-1189. Sun Xiaofeng, Shen Yanfeng, Huo Qingying.Bidi- rectional Buck-Boost integrated three-port DC-DC converter with PWM plus dual phase shift control[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2016, 37(5): 1180-1189. [21] 孙孝峰, 申彦峰, 李午英, 等. 交错并联双向Buck/Boost集成LLC谐振型三端口直流变换器[J]. 电工技术学报, 2016, 31(14): 165-175. Sun Xiaofeng, Shen Yanfeng, Li Wuying, et al.Interleaved bidirectional Buck/Boost and LLC integrated three-port DC-DC converter[J]. Transac- tions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2016, 31(14): 165-175. [22] Li Junxian, Qian Ting, Wang Yue.A three-port resonant converter with switches multiplexing and suppressed switching frequency range[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 2024, 71(4): 2399-2403. [23] 程鹤, 李朋圣, 徐恺, 等. 双Buck-Boost-CLLC三端口变换器的磁件全集成结构及其优化设计[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(10): 3209-3223. Cheng He, Li Pengsheng, Xu Kai, et al.Fully integrated magnetic structure and optimized design of dual Buck-Boost-CLLC three-port converter[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(10): 3209-3223. [24] Uno M, Sato M, Tada Y, et al.Partially isolated multiport converter with automatic current balancing interleaved PWM converter and improved transformer utilization for EV batteries[J]. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 2023, 9(1): 1273-1288. [25] Chaudhury T, Kastha D.A high gain multiport DC-DC converter for integrating energy storage devices to DC microgrid[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2020, 35(10): 10501-10514. [26] Yan Xu, Liu Caifeng, Liu Shuang, et al.An improved interleaved buck/boost integrated CLLLC three-port DC-DC converter for wide input range[C]//2021 IEEE 2nd China International Youth Conference on Elec- trical Engineering (CIYCEE), Chengdu, China, 2021: 1-7. [27] 侍良东, 程钰杰, 杨帆, 等. 基于分裂-叠加结构的部分功率主动调控型准单级直流变换方法[J]. 电源学报, 2024, 22(2): 98-105. Shi Liangdong, Cheng Yujie, Yang Fan, et al.Quasi single-stage DC-DC conversion method with partial power active regulation based on split-sigma structure[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2024, 22(2): 98-105.
2026, Vol. 41 
