Electromagnetic Transient Fine-Grained Parallel Simulation Method for Large-Scale PV Power Station
Cao Shuhao1, Xu Jianzhong1, Zhou Yuquan1, Chen Hao1, Feng Moke2
1. State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
Abstract：As an essential tool for analyzing the internal characteristics of the large-scale photovoltaic (PV) power station, the detailed electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation supports research on fault detection and diagnosis within the station and oscillation analysis between the station and the grid. However, existing research fails to consider the interaction between modeling methods, parallel simulation, and hardware resources, facing challenges in balancing accuracy, simulation efficiency, and scale. This paper proposes a fine-grained EMT parallel simulation method that deeply integrates the equivalent modeling with GPU implementations. Firstly, the parallel computing program of the modular PV system is designed based on the GPU’s software and hardware architecture. Then, the switch function model of the inverter, accounting for the blocking state, is used to decouple the AC and DC electric networks. The AC side network is simplified based on the cut-set matrix, and the equivalent model of the PV cluster is obtained by integrating the PV units. Finally, based on the single instruction multiple data (SIMD) technique of GPU, the independent solution of each PV unit provides the overall coarse-grained parallelism, supporting the fine-grained parallelism of the internal element updating. In the accuracy test of the PV unit, the detailed model (DM) built by the components in PSCAD/EMTDC is compared with the proposed equivalent model (EM). During the input of PV array and three-phase short-circuit fault, the peak errors of active power are 0.09% and 0.26%, respectively. In the accuracy test of the PV station, the simulation results of the PSCAD/EMTDC (PSCAD) and the proposed GPU-based parallel simulation platform (GPU) are compared. In the environmental change test, the maximum relative errors of the output power of the PV array in each cluster are less than 2%. In the transient fault test, the peak errors of active power are 0.21% and 0.30% during the input of the PV array and the A-phase short-circuit fault. For the comparison of execution time and speedup, the proposed simulation method has a significant performance improvement. When the number of PV units within the station is 256, the speedup of the proposed simulation method reaches 983.2. In the accuracy tests of PV units and PV stations, EM can accurately simulate various operating states, including converter blocking/deblocking, PV array connection, and transient faults. Moreover, EM not only precisely replicates the external characteristics of PV units but also maintains accuracy in internal electrical information. Compared with PSCAD/EMTDC, the relative errors are all within 3%. For the execution time and speedup comparison, the proposed simulation method demonstrates a significant performance improvement. In addition, the substantial performance improvement is attributed to the deep integration between the proposed modeling methods and GPU implementations. In summary, this paper attempts to improve the simulation efficiency of large-scale PV power stations by the parallel EMT simulation that deeply integrates the modeling methods with GPU implementations. The proposed simulation method is highly applicable to renewable energy systems and power electronic devices with a modular feature.
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2026, Vol. 41 
