Analysis of the Impact Mechanism of Matching Control Type Direct Drive Wind Turbine Integration on Sub/Super Synchronous Oscillation of Hybrid Wind Farm
Gao Benfeng1, Wang Qiuwen1, Ma Long1, Jiang Jingya2
1. Hebei Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Storage and Micro-Grid North China Electric Power University Baoding 071003 China; 2. China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing 100192 China
Abstract：With the increasing penetration rate of renewable energy, the AC power grid exhibits characteristics of low short-circuit ratio and weak inertia. Grid following direct drive wind turbines (GFL-DDWT) are prone to sub/super synchronous oscillations when the power grid strength is weak. In contrast, grid forming direct drive wind turbines (GFM-DDWT) based on matching control have strong voltage and frequency support capabilities and good adaptability to grid strength. Therefore, the mixed operation of GFL-DDWT and GFM-DDWT has become a technically advantageous solution for future wind farm construction. However, the impedance characteristics and sub/super synchronous oscillation mechanism of the mixed wind farm formed by the GFM-DDWT connection based on matching control are not yet clear, and the relevant influencing factors are also not yet clear. This paper uses impedance analysis to investigate the impedance characteristics of hybrid wind farms and studies the mechanisms of sub/super-synchronous oscillations. Firstly, the harmonic linearization method is used to establish sequence impedance models for GFM-DDWT, GFL-DDWT, and AC power grid based on matching control, and the accuracy of the analytical models is verified through impedance sweep; Secondly, based on the equivalent impedance model of the hybrid wind farm grid connected system, the impedance stability judgment conditions of the grid connected system impedance network considering line impedance are derived, and the impact mechanism of the matched control type GFM-DDWT on the sub/super synchronous oscillation of the hybrid wind farm grid connected system is revealed from the impedance perspective; Finally,the variation of sub/super-synchronous stability of the system under different parameters is analyzed from both the impedance characteristics and the electromagnetic transient time-domain response perspectives. According to the derived impedance stability criterion,the stability of the system can be determined by whether the equivalent impedance on the grid side and the impedance on the GFL-DDWT side meet the Nyquist stability criterion, under the conditions of stable grid connection of GFM-DDWT and stable operation of GFL-DDWT in an ideal power grid. According to the analysis of impedance characteristics, it can be concluded that after connecting GFM-DDWT, the amplitude of the equivalent impedance on the grid side decreases in the sub/super synchronous frequency band, and the resonance frequency shifts, resulting in an increase in the phase margin between GFL-DDWT and the equivalent grid, and an improvement in system stability. Moreover, as the proportion of GFM-DDWT increases, the sub/super synchronization stability of the hybrid wind farm grid connected system improves. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) Connecting GFM-DDWT can effectively reduce the risk of sub/super synchronous oscillations when GFL-DDWT is connected to weak AC power grids, and as the capacity of GFM-DDWT increases, the risk of sub/super synchronous oscillations in the system gradually decreases. (2) The mechanism by which GFM-DDWT improves the stability of hybrid wind farm grid connected systems is that, compared to the original grid impedance, the impedance amplitude and phase of GFM-DDWT connected in parallel with the grid decrease, and the phase margin at the resonant frequency increases, avoiding the formation of negative damping oscillation circuits with GFL-DDWT. (3) The control loop parameters are a key factor affecting the stability of the grid connected system of hybrid direct drive wind farms. Within a certain range, reducing the reactive power outer loop ratio coefficient of GFM-DDWT, reducing the control bandwidth of GFL-DDWT phase-locked loop and voltage loop, and increasing the control bandwidth of GFL-DDWT current loop can effectively reduce the risk of sub/super synchronous oscillation in the grid connected system of hybrid wind farms.
高本锋, 王秋文, 马龙, 姜静雅. 匹配控制构网型直驱风电机组接入对混合风电场次/超同步振荡的影响机理分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2026, 41(5): 1571-1588.
Gao Benfeng, Wang Qiuwen, Ma Long, Jiang Jingya. Analysis of the Impact Mechanism of Matching Control Type Direct Drive Wind Turbine Integration on Sub/Super Synchronous Oscillation of Hybrid Wind Farm. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2026, 41(5): 1571-1588.
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2026, Vol. 41 
