考虑子模块电容电压动态差异的混合型MMC阻抗建模

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.250772

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摘要

混合型模块化多电平换流器（MMC）的阻抗模型是分析其稳定性的基础。然而,现有阻抗模型将半桥和全桥子模块动态视为一致,未考虑调制时两者电容电压存在的差异,可能导致系统稳定性判定失准。为此,首先基于混合型MMC的改进桥臂平均值模型,考虑子模块电容电压动态差异和内部电气量高次谐波的影响,采用多谐波线性化和分段谐波求解方法分别推导了电气部分、控制部分和非线性分配环节的频域谐波方程,进而建立混合型MMC整体序阻抗模型,并分析了子模块电容电压差异对混合型MMC宽频阻抗的影响;其次,基于单维等效阻抗模型分析电容电压外环系数等参量对混合型MMC自身阻抗影响的规律和主要频段;然后,定义基于模态幅值裕度的参数灵敏度,量化各参数对混合型MMC并网系统整体稳定性的影响,确定参数优化策略;最后,通过仿真验证所建模型在系统稳定性分析时的正确性。

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	曹传旭
	郝全睿
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	郭猛

关键词 ：模块化多电平换流器, 桥臂平均值模型, 序阻抗模型, 参数灵敏度, 稳定性分析

Abstract：

The accurate impedance model of hybrid modular multilevel converter (MMC) is the basis of stability analysis. However, the existing impedance model of hybrid MMC assumes the dynamics of half-bridge and full-bridge sub-modules (SMs) are identical, and ignores the difference in capacitance voltage between the two sub-modules during over modulation, which may lead to inaccurate impedance and wrong stability assessment result. To address this issue, this paper derives the accurate sequence model of hybrid MMC based on the improved arm average value model (AAVM), which represents the dynamics of half-bridge SMs and full-bridge SMs separately, analyzes the key parameters which mainly affect the overall stability of hybrid MMC, and proposes the parameter optimization strategy.
Firstly, the improved average value model of hybrid MMC is introduced briefly to show its advantage of representing the dynamics difference between full-bridge SMs and half-bridge SMs in overmodulation state. Based on the electric circuit of improved AAVM, the frequency domain harmonic equations of the electrical part considering the harmonics up to the k^th order are derived in the multi-harmonic linearization theory. For the nonlinear reference voltage distribution in improved AAVM, the reference voltages of half-bridge and full bridge SMs within one cycle are expressed in the piecewise function. The harmonics of the reference voltages are derived as the summation of harmonics of each piece in Fourier transform. Based on that, the small signal relationship between voltage references and electrical quantities are obtained by linearized at the specific operating point. For the control loops, the frequency domain harmonics equations for the outer capacitor voltage control and dc current control loops are specially derived. The overall sequence impedance model is constructed by modularly cascading the frequency domain harmonic equations of electric circuit, nonlinear reference voltage distribution part and control loops. Secondly, the single-dimensional equivalent impedance model of hybrid MMC considering the the grid impedance is derived from the proposed 4×4 impedance to investigate the main influence frequency band and the influence extent of the capacitor voltage control and dc current control parameters on the impedance of hybrid MMC. Finally, the modal amplitude margin (MAM) is defined as the inverse of the intersection of the distance from (-1, j0) to the intersection point of Nyquist curve of one mode with real axis, and the parameter sensitivity is defined as the small disturbance value of MAM to quantify the influence of each parameter on the hybrid MMC grid-connected system overall stability. The control parameter optimization principle is pointed out.
Simulation results of hybrid MMC grid-connected system show that, the proposed impedance model with k≥4 agree well with the measure data, while the conventional impedance model obviously deviates from the measured data at key resonance frequency of 62 Hz. When the proportional coefficient of current inner loop k_pIacchanges from 2.4 to 2.1, the system real power starts to oscillate with the oscillation frequency of 27.26Hz, which agree with the coupled oscillation frequencies of 77.26Hz and 22.74Hz in d-q frame predicted from the proposed impedance model. When the integral coefficient of current inner loop k_iIacchanges from 100 to 2000, the system real power becomes stable gradually.
The following conclusion can be drawn from the simulation results: (1) The proposed sequence impedance model derived from improved AAVM is more accurate to predict the system stability compared with the conventional impedance model, and the voltage differences between half-bridge SMs and full-bridge SMs in over-modulation state cannot be neglected for stability analysis of hybrid MMC. (2) The capacitor voltage loop, the proportional coefficient and the integral coefficient of current inner loop mainly affect the impedances in sub-synchronous frequency band, low frequency band and the frequency band below 200 Hz, respectively. (3) The control parameters can be optimized by properly increasing the proportional and integral coefficient of current inner loop or decreasing the proportional coefficient of ac power control to increase the stability margin of hybrid MMC in sub-synchronous frequency band.

Key words： Modular multilevel converter arm average value model sequence impedance model parameter sensitivity stability analysis

收稿日期: 2025-05-09

PACS:

TM712

基金资助:

国家电网公司总部科技项目资助（4000-202321074A-1-1-ZN）

通讯作者: 郝全睿男,1984年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为柔性直流输电、新能源并网稳定性分析及控制等。E-mail：haoquanrui@sdu.edu.cn

作者简介: 曹传旭男,1999年生,硕士,研究方向为新能源并网稳定性。E-mail：caochuanxuonly@163.com

引用本文:

曹传旭, 郝全睿, 齐琛, 王淑颖, 郭猛. 考虑子模块电容电压动态差异的混合型MMC阻抗建模[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 20250772-20250772. Cao Chuanxu, Hao Quanrui, Qi Chen, Wang Shuying, Guo Meng. Impedance Modeling of Hybrid MMC Considering Sub-module Capacitor Voltage Dynamic Difference. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 20250772-20250772.

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