基于高低阀移相EFFM-CSC的海上风电直流送出系统

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.242280

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摘要

基频调制电流源换流器(Fundamental Frequency Modulation Current Source Converter, FFM-CSC)是实现海上风电直流送出的新型拓扑。但FFM-CSC的特征谐波含量大,依赖LC滤波器进行补偿,增加了海上平台的体积和重量。同时,其单一控制自由度无法独立控制海上交流母线电压和频率。改进基频调制CSC(Enhance Fundamental Frequency Modulation, EFFM-CSC)在FFM-CSC基础上,引入补偿角,具备两个控制自由度,其控制海上交流电压的能力亟待发掘。针对CSC送出系统的谐波含量大、LC参数优化和海上电压控制的问题,本文提出一种高低阀移相控制策略的EFFM-CSC用于远海风电直流送出系统。首先,分析普通双12脉动CSC的谐波传递特性,根据移相多重化的思路,提出高低阀触发角移相15°的方法。然后,通过数学推导和谐波传递规律,分析移相EFFM-CSC谐波特性,其不依赖移相15°变压器,即可大幅降低11、13次谐波含量。在此基础上,综合考虑滤波效果、电容电压和体积重量,提出LC参数优化设计方法,实现LC滤波器轻型化。同时,通过探究海上电压幅值频率与控制量之间的单调规律,设计出海上交流电压控制策略。最后搭建PSCAD仿真模型和物理实验平台,验证了移相EFFM-CSC工作原理和控制策略的正确性。

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关键词 ：海上风电, 电流源换流器, 高低阀移相, 轻型化

Abstract：

With the development of offshore wind power going to the deep and distant sea, HVDC transmission is a competitive transmission technology for offshore wind power delivery. Modular multilevel converter (MMC) is currently the mainstream scheme for offshore wind power DC transmission projects. However, MMC consists of power sub-modules, which causes the problem of high construction costs for offshore platforms. The diode rectifier (DR) scheme, on the other hand, effectively reduces the construction cost. Nevertheless, DR does not have control capability and black start capability. The actively commutated current source converter (CSC) is a new type of topology with the advantages of small size, light weight and flexible control, which is suitable for remote offshore wind power delivery. Currently, CSC adopts fundamental frequency modulation (FFM) method, which uses a lower switching frequency. But there is only one control degree of freedom. Moreover, the reactive power and characteristic harmonics of FFM-CSC need to be compensated, which will limit the corresponding effect of lightning. Therefore, how to reduce the harmonic content of CSC, optimize the filter design method, and realize the stable operation of offshore AC system become the core issues of offshore wind CSC delivery system.
In order to further enhance the lightweight effect of offshore CSC and to realize the stable control of offshore AC system without relying on communication and grid-forming wind turbines. In this paper, an offshore wind power HVDC delivery system based on high-low-valve phase-shifting CSC is proposed and investigated in the following aspects. First, the topology of the offshore wind power transmission system is discussed in detail, and the modulation principle of the enhanced fundamental frequency modulation CSC (EFFM-CSC) is analyzed. Then, the harmonic equivalent model of the EFFM-CSC system is established, and the harmonic characteristics and content are analyzed. It can be found that the 11_th and 13_th harmonics can be drastically filtered out by shifting the trigger angle by 15° without adding a phase-shifting transformer. Then, this paper constructs a multi-objective optimization LC filter optimization method with the volume weight of the filter and the filter capacitor voltage as the objective function, which can improve the power density of the offshore CSC. Additionally, the mathematical model of offshore AC voltage magnitude and frequency is established, and the control strategy of offshore AC voltage magnitude and frequency is designed through the monotonicity analysis, which is conducive to the stable operation of offshore AC system.
Finally, the working principle and harmonic transfer characteristics of the phase-shifted EFFM-CSC can be verified as well as the effectiveness of the control strategy for the offshore AC system via the analysis of the PSCAD simulation model and physical experiments. From the analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) This paper proposes a control strategy using the high and low valve group trigger angle shifted by 15°, which can significantly reduce the 11_th and 13_th harmonic content at the offshore AC bus and achieve 87% of the filtering effect; (2) the optimization method is proposed for the design of the parameters of the LC filter by comprehensively taking into account the filtering effect, capacitance-voltage, and the volume and weight of the filter, which can greatly reduce the parameters of the LC filter, further realizing the lightweight of offshore platforms; (3) this paper analyzes in detail the monotonic law between the control targets and control quantities by constructing the intermediate variables, and designs the offshore AC voltage and frequency control strategy accordingly to realize the stable control of the voltage amplitude and frequency of the offshore AC system. (4) based on the constructed high and low valve phase-shifting EFFM-CSC experimental platform, the correctness of the theoretical analysis is verified, and it is proved that the proposed method can significantly reduce the 11_th and 13_th harmonic currents.

Key words： Offshore wind power current source converter phase shift lightweight

收稿日期: 2024-12-18

PACS:

TM72

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金联合基金项目资助（U23B20119）

通讯作者: 李明男,1979年生,博士,教授级高级工程师,研究方向为特高压直流和柔性直流输电成套设计。E-mail：mingli@chinasperi.sgcc.com.cn

作者简介: 冯定腾男,1999年生,博士研究生,研究方向为高压直流输电和电流源换流器。E-mail：fengdingteng@ncepu.edu.cn

引用本文:

冯定腾, 熊小玲, 李明, 王胜威, 丁子迅, 赵成勇. 基于高低阀移相EFFM-CSC的海上风电直流送出系统[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 250438-. Feng Dingteng, Xiong Xiaoling, Li Ming, Wang Shengwei, Ding Zixun, Zhao Chengyong. Offshore Wind Power DC Transmission System Based on High and Low Valve Phase Shift EFFM-CSC. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 250438-.

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