融合减碳型多能源微网的城市能源系统环境-经济协调优化模型

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.242075

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摘要

针对城市“电-热-冷-气”多能源系统中可再生能源占比的快速增长,以及城市中环境治理设施与能源系统兼容协调要求的不断提高,文章提出了一种基于减碳型多能源微网的城市多能源供给经济-环境协调优化模型。首先,研究高比例可再生能源供能特性与城市环境治理需求间协调机理,提出并建立了具有污水处理、垃圾处理等环境治理机能的减碳型多能源微网模型及其集群多能源协同模型;其次,考虑城市居民的能源需求与环境治理需求,研究减碳型多能源微网集群的多能源供能效益和环境治理效益间的相互影响机理,建立了减碳型多能源微网的环境-经济综合效益量化模型;然后,以城市多能源节能率最大、系统污染物减排量最大和系统总运行成本最小为目标,建立了城市多能源系统能源环境综合效益优化模型及其求解算法;最后,搭建仿真模型进行验证,仿真结果表明文章方法有助于提升垃圾处理与污水治理效率和多能源供能收益。

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关键词 ：减碳型多能源微网, 环境治理机能, 减污降碳能力, 综合效益, NSGA-II算法

Abstract：

As urbanization progresses, the significant amount of waste generated by urban residents, as well as the production and consumption processes of various types of energy, has led to severe environmental pollution. Moreover, the compatibility and coordination requirements between environmental protection facilities and energy systems in cities are also continuously increasing. Therefore, it is particularly important to establish a multi-energy microgrid or multi-energy system with the capability of pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction. Such systems are required to meet the needs of urban residents, including electricity, gas, heat, and cold, and to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate the environmental impact of pollutants. This paper explores the feasibility of using urban sewage and waste as energy sources, investigates how to utilize pollutants such as domestic sewage and waste for energy supply, and constructs a carbon-reducing multi-energy microgrid (CRMEM) incorporating waste and sewage energy supply.
Firstly, the coordination characteristics between the energy supply of multi-energy microgrids equipped with waste pyrolysis furnaces, sewage-source heat pumps, and other devices, and the urban environmental protection needs are studied. A model of the CRMEM incorporating sewage and waste energy supply, along with its topological structure, is established. A cluster model of urban CRMEM is further established. Then, to analyze the effects of CRMEM in multi-energy supply and environmental restoration, a comprehensive energy-environment benefit quantification model for CRMEM is established. Quantitative analysis is carried out from eight aspects of the cluster system: primary energy saving efficiency, renewable energy utilization rate, energy consumption per unit area during heating/cooling, pollutant reduction, sewage reduction rate, landfill ratio, pollutant concentration in water, and soil organic matter content. Then, with the objectives of maximizing primary energy saving rate, maximizing pollutant reduction, and minimizing total system operating cost, the comprehensive energy-environment benefits optimization model of the urban multi-energy system is established. The proposed method is solved using an NSGA-II algorithm with local search. Finally, based on actual operational data from a multi-energy system in a northeastern region, as well as data from sewage and waste treatment plants, a coordinated simulation model for urban CRMEM cluster is established. The supply and demand balance of electricity, natural gas, heat, and cold in each microgrid in CRMEM cluster is simulated and analyzed, and the environmental governance and restoration benefits of urban multi-energy system are evaluated. The analysis reveals that while meeting the energy needs of residents, the primary energy saving rate of CRMEM is 37.96 %, the amount of alternative standard coal per unit area is 4.985 kg/m², and the energy consumption per unit area during heating is 13.8605 W/m². CRMEM has a significant ability to reduce pollutant.
The following conclusions are drawn: (1) Compared with conventional urban energy supply systems, CRMEM has higher energy utilization and energy saving capabilities. (2) CRMEM can utilize energy conversion devices to extract 'residual energy' from sewage and waste, meeting the electricity, gas, heat, and cold needs of urban residents while simultaneously treating domestic sewage and waste generated by residents, thereby contributing to the restoration of urban living environments. (3) CRMEM can reuse treated reclaimed water and sludge, generating revenue and optimizing the costs of energy supply and emission reduction in the CRMEM.

Key words： Carbon-reducing multi-energy microgrid environmental governance function pollution and carbon reduction capacity comprehensive benefits NSGA-II algorithm

收稿日期: 2024-11-19

PACS:

TM732

基金资助:

国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFB0902100）和辽宁省科学技术计划项目“揭榜挂帅（技术攻关类） ”项目（ 2023JH1/10400050）资助。

通讯作者: 滕云男,1973年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为可再生能源发电、多能源系统运行优化、新型电力系统等。E-mail：tengyun@sut.edu.cn

作者简介: 刘硕男,1996年生,博士研究生,研究方向为电力系统、多能源系统运行优化。E-mail：dream20372@163.com

引用本文:

刘硕, 滕云, 陈哲. 融合减碳型多能源微网的城市能源系统环境-经济协调优化模型[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 250432-. Liu Shuo, Teng Yun, Chen Zhe. An Environment-Economic Coordination Optimization Model for Urban Energy Systems Integrating Carbon-Reducing Multi-Energy Microgrids. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 250432-.

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