满足多谐波约束的海上风电场群HVAC并网系统安全域刻画方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.241781

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摘要

海上风电场群经HVAC并网的谐波问题已成为制约海上风电规模化发展的重要因素之一,为保障新能源高占比复杂工况下的安全稳定运行,亟需对海上风电场群HVAC并网系统的谐波安全域进行刻画。为此,本文建立了海上风电HVAC并网系统的谐波频域模型,基于模型生成谐波节点导纳矩阵;考虑陆网侧和海风侧谐波源,基于谐波节点电压方程量化背景谐波作用下的谐波水平;利用逆矩阵微分法设计了海上风电并网系统的谐波阻抗灵敏度分析流程,定义了用于安全域刻画的谐波综合评价指标,该指标在计及各次谐波电压和电流安全约束的情况下可以有效评估系统的谐波风险程度和安全裕量;利用我国某1100MW海上风电送出工程开展仿真,结果表明所提方法可实现多谐波约束下海上风电HVAC并网系统安全域的精确刻画。

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关键词 ：背景谐波放大, 海上风电, 谐波安全域, 高压交流海缆, 谐波导纳矩阵, 逆矩阵微分

Abstract：

During the 14th Five-Year Plan, China plans to build five offshore wind power bases with a total capacity exceeding 12 GW. Large-capacity, long-distance offshore wind power marks the future of wind energy development. Among the three mainstream grid integration technologies—HVDC, HVAC, and fractional-frequency transmission—HVAC is widely adopted in nearshore projects due to its technological maturity. However, when large-scale offshore wind farms connect to the grid via HVAC (OWFs-HVAC), the coupling between the dynamic characteristics of long-distance AC cables and the complex frequency-domain behavior of nonlinear power electronic devices leads to multimodal and weakly damped system features. The capacitive effect of the cables further shifts natural resonance points toward low-frequency harmonics, amplifying these harmonics and creating significant challenges in offshore wind integration.
To address harmonic risks arising from HVAC integration under varying conditions, this study proposes a method to analyze harmonic levels and define safe operating regions. By characterizing the harmonic safety region for HVAC-connected offshore wind systems, a harmonic frequency-domain model is established to derive the nodal admittance matrix, incorporating harmonic sources from both the onshore grid and offshore wind farms. Using harmonic nodal voltage equations, harmonic levels under background harmonics are quantified. Additionally, a harmonic impedance sensitivity analysis is conducted through the inverse matrix differentiation method, with a comprehensive index introduced to evaluate harmonic risks and safety margins under voltage and current constraints. Simulations of a 1100 MW offshore wind power grid-connected system are carried out to examine harmonic impedance sensitivity and the harmonic safety region under both normal operating conditions and PCC near-zone disconnection scenarios.
Simulations based on actual wind farm data reveal that under normal conditions, the 11th harmonic is the primary amplified frequency, with currents reaching 60 A in some scenarios—over six times the limit. The 5th and 7th harmonics are also significant. Both safety region and sensitivity analyses confirm a strong correlation between harmonic risks and the number of operating turbines. In PCC near-zone disconnection scenarios, the 5th harmonic dominates, with harmonic voltage and current showing higher sensitivity to AC cables. Reducing the cable length by 20%, while maintaining turbine numbers, significantly reduces the 5th harmonic current, validating the safety region characterization. Frequency-domain multimodal features from long-distance AC cables result in irregular harmonic safety region distributions. The turbine operation ratio impacts both the harmonic admittance matrix and the magnitude of harmonic sources, leading to significant coupling between harmonic levels and turbine operations. The dominant harmonic frequency shifts between the 5th, 7th, 11th, and 13th across different scenarios. This method supports planning and construction of offshore wind power projects by optimizing offshore distances and installed capacities.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the simulation analysis: (1) The proposed comprehensive harmonic evaluation index accurately assesses the harmonic safety of the system and can effectively identifies harmonic risk scenarios. (2) As the total parallel length of high-voltage AC cables increases and the grid strength decreases, the harmonic safety level of OWFs-HVAC systems declines. The extent of harmonic amplification is not directly related to the number of wind turbines connected or disconnected, but the dominant harmonic frequencies vary under different turbine connection and disconnection combinations. This variability complicates harmonic suppression efforts for offshore wind integration, challenging the effectiveness of traditional single-tuned passive filters. (3) For the OWFs-HVAC systems, the harmonic current and voltage safety margins at the point of interconnection are low, harmonic compensation devices of appropriate capacity should be configured based on the cable length and wind farm capacity.

Key words： Background harmonic amplification Offshore wind power Harmonic safe zone HVAC submarine cables Harmonic admittance matrix Inverse matrix differentiation.

收稿日期: 2024-10-12

PACS:

TM712

基金资助:

作者简介：国家电网有限公司科技项目资助（4000-202319073A-1-1-ZN）

通讯作者: 王彤女,1984年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为新能源电力系统稳定与控制、暂态稳定与保护。E-mail：hdwangtong@126.com

作者简介: 赵文瑞男,2000年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为电力系统稳定与控制。E-mail：rico.chao@qq.com

引用本文:

赵文瑞, 秦倩倩, 王彤, 黄晓明, 徐群伟. 满足多谐波约束的海上风电场群HVAC并网系统安全域刻画方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 1781-. Wenrui Zhao, Qianqian Qin, Tong Wang, Xiaoming Huang, Qunwei Xu. Method for Characterizing the Safety Region of HVAC-connected Offshore Wind Power Plants under Multi-harmonic Constraints. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 1781-.

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