无人机17KW电机振动噪声分析与巡航转速下尖端噪声优化

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.231228

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摘要

随着无人机的迅速发展,噪声问题影响消费者体验及AI交互、语音识别等技术,限制了无人机应用潜力。该文针对一台17KW无人机用外转子永磁同步电机进行研究。为降低电机尖端振动噪声,且保留原电机电磁性能,重点提出优化磁极和定子开槽的方法。具体以平均转矩、转矩脉动等作为约束条件,构建多目标优化数学模型,并利用混合粒子群优化算法求解。该文深入探讨磁极参数、定子开槽对低阶次径向气隙磁密空间谐波特征的影响。并对电机转子模态仿真,以研究径向电磁力与空间模态的作用机理。在多转速情况下,以巡航转速为重点,分析整体电机电磁振动噪声特征。最后,仿真和实验结果表明,电机在巡航转速下的尖端噪声显著减小。验证了优化结构对无人机电机尖端振动噪声有明显抑制作用,对解决无人机噪声问题具有重要意义。

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	刘栋良
	詹成根
	屈峰
	陈黎君
	史恒

关键词 ：无人机外转子永磁同步电机, 电磁振动噪声, 巡航转速, 混合粒子群优化算法

Abstract：

In the field of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) noise, extensive research on propeller noise generation mechanisms and suppression methods has achieved remarkable results. Therefore, the noise radiated by UAV motors has become a new research focus.
The study addresses a 17KW UAV with a surface-mounted external rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor. There are more studies on electromagnetic vibration suppression methods for permanent magnet synchronous motors, and some methods may reduce the motor output torque or increase the manufacturing complexity at the same time. Therefore, the article proposes a method to optimize the pole and stator slotting parameters to improve the motor vibration noise without reducing the output torque.
Since radial air-gap flux density and radial electromagnetic force are the causes of motor vibration noise, the space harmonic characteristics of radial air-gap flux density of this motor are analyzed in detail based on the theory and the effects of magnetic pole and stator slotting parameters on the amplitude of low-order radial air-gap flux density are explored. And the rotor modal simulation of the motor is carried out in order to investigate the mechanism of the radial electromagnetic force and the motor space modes.
Then, the electromagnetic vibration noise characteristics of the motor at multiple speeds are investigated, focusing on calculating the vibration noise of the motor at a cruising speed of 1880 rpm. Taking the average torque, torque pulsation and flux density fundamental wave amplitude as the constraints, a multi-objective optimization mathematical model is established and solved by using a hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm. Three alternatives were selected among the many solutions for solving the problem.
The simulations of the alternatives are compared, and finally Scheme 1 is selected as the optimization scheme. The simulation shows that the amplitude of the 3rd and 5th order components of the radial air gap magnetization of Scheme 1 is decreased by 45.57% and 60.92% compared with the original scheme. The magnitude of the radial electromagnetic force decreases by 5.88% in the 0th order, 33.03% in the 2nd order, and 6.81% in the 4th order. And the torque fluctuation of scheme I decreases by 32% when the average torque is basically unchanged.
Finally, the experimental results show that after the structure optimization, the electromagnetic vibration tip noise at the cruising speed of the motor is reduced by 6.37 dB from the initial 71.62 dB to 65.25 dB, and the overall performance of the motor vibration noise is also improved at multiple speeds. It is verified that the optimized structure has a significant suppression effect on the UAV motor tip vibration noise at cruising speed.
In addition, the average torque is 88.43N·m for the original scheme and 88.55N·m for the optimized scheme, and the average torque is almost constant. The torque pulsation in the experiment was 3.30%; the torque fluctuation of the optimized scheme was 2.16%. The overall decrease in torque fluctuation is 34.5%. It can be seen that the structure is optimized to reduce the tip noise of the motor and also optimize the torque pulsation.

Key words： UAV outer rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor Electromagnetic vibration noise Cruise speed Hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm

PACS:

TM351

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金（51877059）资助项目

通讯作者: 詹成根男,1997年生,硕士研究生,研究方向电动航空驱动系统。E-mail：1376438612@qq.com

作者简介: 刘栋良男,1977年生,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为电机及其控制、新能源及电力电子/电动汽车驱动系统、电动航空驱动系统电动船舶推进系统。E-mail：LiuDL@hdu.edu.cn

引用本文:

刘栋良, 詹成根, 屈峰, 陈黎君, 史恒. 无人机17KW电机振动噪声分析与巡航转速下尖端噪声优化[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 1228-1228. Liu Dongliang, Zhan Chenggen, Qu Feng, Chen Lijun, Shi Heng. Vibration Noise Analysis and Tip Noise Optimization of UAV 17KW Motor at Cruise Speed. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 1228-1228.

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