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| Quench Characteristics of Quasi-Isotropic Superconducting Strand Triggered by Point Thermal Disturbance |
| Wang Qiyue1, Liu Ziqiu2, Sun Ziyuan1, Yang Yu1, Pi Wei1 |
1. The State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China;
2. State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company Jinan Power Supply Company Jinan 250000 China |
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Abstract With the development of second-generation (2G) high-temperature superconductors (HTS) and the progress in cryogenic technology, 2G HTS has been widely applied in superconducting power technology due to its excellent mechanical properties, complete diamagnetism, and zero resistance characteristic at liquid nitrogen temperatures. However, the practical applications of HTS face a key issue: the quench behavior of HTS, mainly embodied in the minimum quench energy (MQE) and quench propagation velocity (QPV). This paper studies the quench characteristics of quasi-isotropic superconducting (Q-IS) strands when subjected to a point thermal disturbance and the influence of different operating currents for quench detection and protection of HTS devices in power systems.
Firstly, the structure and parameters of the superconducting strand used in the simulation model are described in detail, and the geometric model of a 140 mm long Q-IS strand immersed in liquid nitrogen is established. Considering the effect of the self-magnetic field, a 3D electric-magnetic-thermal simulation model is established to analyze the thermal stability of the strand using the finite element method (FEM). At the beginning of the simulation, the operating current is applied to the HTS strand until the strand operates stably. Then, a thermal pulse is added to the strand's center to simulate a point thermal disturbance. The thermal disturbance power is constant during the 200 ms duration of the thermal disturbance application.
The thermal stability simulation results show that when the operating current is 3 000 A and the disturbance energy is 1.40 J/mm3, the strand exhibits an apparent quench recovery behavior, suggesting that 1.40 J/mm3 does not reach the MQE of the strand. As the disturbance energy increases to 1.48 J/mm3, the quench region diffuses continuously over time, resulting in quench propagation with the strand. Under this operating current, the MQE of the superconducting strand is 1.48 J/mm3, and the QPV is 0.79 cm/s. Then, MQEs and QPVs under various operating currents are simulated by the same method. The MQE of the Q-IS strand decreases from 2.17 J/mm3 to 1.04 J/mm3, and the QPV increases from 0.61 cm/s to 1.45 cm/s as the operating current increases from 2 600 A to 3 400 A.
It is also shown that the MQE of the Q-IS strand decreases and the QPV increases with the increase of operating current. The current sharing of the copper sheath can significantly improve the thermal stability of the Q-IS strand. However, it is essential to consider the size design of the copper sheath to ensure it is manageable, potentially causing a delay in quench detection by the protection device. The electric-magnetic-thermal simulation model established in this paper can also be extended to study the thermal stability of Q-IS strands in external fields and other superconducting strands.
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Received: 18 October 2022
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2024, Vol. 39 
