基于无人配送车辆运行工况的交替极游标轮毂电机优化设计

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.230335

Abstract
Figure/Table
References
Related Citation (15)

Download: PDF (6056 KB) HTML (1 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract Aiming at the multiple operating conditions of the low speed and high torque motor drive system for unmanned delivery vehicles, combined with practical goals such as reducing manufacturing costs and increasing magnetic gathering capacity, a consequent pole unequal Halbach vernier wheel motor (CPUHVWM) is adopted to meet the performance requirements. However, there are problems such as torque ripple, high cost, and high loss that require optimization.The optimization methods can be divided into two main types.The first method is based on finite element method (FEM), which has low computational efficiency and focuses on single-objective optimization, making it difficult to find a global optimal solution. The other is algorithm optimization, which mainly establishes the relationship between structural parameters and objective functions and performs optimization processing through algorithms. The large number of operating points makes it challenging for single point based optimization techniques to fully satisfy vehicle performance requirements. This paper introduces an optimization framework that is predicated upon comprehensive operational conditions.The optimization goals center around reducing the motor costs, minimizing torque ripple, and enhancing efficiency, all while accounting for potential permanent magnet demagnetization and limitations in DC bus voltage.
Due to the large number of motor driving operating points, the motor operation stages are divided into frequent start and stop, low speed climbing, low speed cruising, medium speed cruising, and high speed cruising.Utilizing K-means clustering analysis, the centroid of each data cluster is ascertained, and the weight of the region is assigned, thereby ensuring that each operating point is duly considered in the subsequent optimization design.After that, combined with redundancy design, the performance parameters required for the final motor were selected, and the operating principle of the motor and the selection of pole slot ratio were analyzed.
To ensure the effectiveness of subsequent motor parameter optimization, the current distribution scheme within the voltage and current limit circles and the demagnetization of the PMs are analyzed, respectively. It can be seen that in this current distribution scheme, the impact on the PMs is not significant, and it is in the reversible demagnetization region. Therefore, in subsequent optimization, only the limitation of bus voltage on output performance needs to be considered.
The motor parameters are divided into high-sensitivity regions and low-sensitivity regions. Only the high-sensitivity parameters are modeled using regression models, and a polynomial function is constructed. Subsequently, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅱ (NSGA-Ⅱ) is adopted to simultaneously optimize the three objectives, facilitate Pareto-front creation via multiple iterations, and establish evaluation functions grounded on the prescribed weight coefficients in order to attain the optimal solution.After comparison, it is found that after optimization, compared with the initial parameters, the torque ripple at the rated point can be reduced by 37.5%, the efficiency can be increased by 7.7%, and the effective material cost can be reduced by 16.8%.
Finally, a 2 kW prototype is made for performance test. Compared with FEM, the experimental back EMF is 7.8% lower, and its THD is about 2.9% higher. At the rated current, the measured output torque is 42.2 Nm, which is 5.5% lower than FEM, and the efficiency is 87.3%, which is 3.4% lower than FEM.The above errors are mainly caused by the processing or assembly of parts and components, and the errors are within an acceptable range.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the simulation analysis: (1) The structural parameters of the motor can be comprehensively and quickly optimized through the proposed optimization framework. Considering the limitations of maximum bus voltage and demagnetization of PMs, respectively, the effectiveness and rationality of the results are ensured. (2) Cluster analysis of operating points can reduce the time and cost of subsequent finite element calculations. (3) RSM is combined with the NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm optimization to quickly and accurately optimize parameters while decreasing the possibility of entering local optima.

Key words： Wheel motor magnetic field modulation cluster analysis multi-objective optimization genetic algorithm

Received: 08 February 2023

PACS:

TM351

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors
	Fan Ying
	Chen Qiushuo
	Chen Junlei
	Lei Yutong

Cite this article:

Fan Ying,Chen Qiushuo,Chen Junlei等. Optimization Design of Consequent Pole Vernier Wheel Motor Based on Operating Conditions of Unmanned Delivery Vehicles[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(19): 5141-5151.

URL:

https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.230335 OR https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/Y2023/V38/I19/5141

[1] 马伟明, 王东, 程思为, 等. 高性能电机系统的共性基础科学问题与技术发展前沿[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2016, 36(8): 2025-2035.
Ma Weiming, Wang Dong, Cheng Siwei, et al.Common basic scientific problems and technological development frontier of high performance motor system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(8): 2025-2035.
[2] Yue Yan, Jia Shaofeng, Liang Deliang.New topologies of high torque density machine based on magnetic field modulation principle[J]. CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2023, 7(1): 1-10.
[3] 丁文, 李可, 付海刚. 一种12/10极模块化定子混合励磁开关磁阻电机分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(8): 1948-1958.
Ding Wen, Li Ke, Fu Haigang.Analysis of a 12/10-pole modular-stator hybrid-excited switched reluctance machine[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(8): 1948-1958.
[4] 梁子漪, 曲荣海, 李大伟, 等. 一种交替极切向励磁游标永磁电机的分析与设计[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(15): 3173-3181.
Liang Ziyi, Qu Ronghai, Li Dawei, et al.Analysis of a consequent-pole spoke-array vernier permanent magnet machine[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(15): 3173-3181.
[5] 阳辉, 王逸贤, 郑昊, 等. 新型双层串联混合永磁记忆电机设计优化与特性分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(24): 9042-9052.
Yang Hui, Wang Yixian, Zheng Hao, et al.Design optimization and characteristics analysis of a novel dual-layer series hybrid permanent magnet memory machine[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(24): 9042-9052.
[6] 李亚, 周庆林, 丁石川, 等. 表嵌式交替极永磁电机拓扑演化及气隙磁场调制效应研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(12): 3188-3198.
Li Ya, Zhou Qinglin, Ding Shichuan, et al.Investigation of topologies evolution and air-gap field modulation effect on surface-inset consequent-pole PM machines[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(12): 3188-3198.
[7] Fan Ying, Gu Lingling, Luo Yong, et al.Investigation of a new flux-modulated permanent magnet brushless motor for EVs[J]. The Scientific World Journal, 2014, 2014: 540797.
[8] 赵玫, 于帅, 邹海林, 等. 聚磁式横向磁通永磁直线电机的多目标优化[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(17): 3730-3740.
Zhao Mei, Yu Shuai, Zou Hailin, et al.Multi-objective optimization of transverse flux permanent magnet linear machine with the concentrated flux mover[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(17): 3730-3740.
[9] 李雄松, 崔鹤松, 胡纯福, 等. 平板型永磁直线同步电机推力特性的优化设计[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(5): 916-923.
Li Xiongsong, Cui Hesong, Hu Chunfu, et al.Optimal design of thrust characteristics of flat-type permanent magnet linear synchronous motor[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(5): 916-923.
[10] Yu Hao, Yu Guodong, Xu Yongxiang, et al.Torque performance improvement for slotted limited-angle torque motors by combined SMA application and GA optimization[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2021, 57(2): 1-5.
[11] Zhao Wenxiang, Ma Anqi, Ji Jinghua, et al.Multiobjective optimization of a double-side linear vernier PM motor using response surface method and differential evolution[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2020, 67(1): 80-90.
[12] Zheng Shiyue, Zhu Xiaoyong, Xu Lei, et al.Multi-objective optimization design of a multi-permanent-magnet motor considering magnet characteristic variation effects[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2022, 69(4): 3428-3438.
[13] Fatemi A, Ionel D M, Popescu M, et al.Design optimization of a high torque density spoke-type PM motor for a formula E race drive cycle[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2018, 54(5): 4343-4354.
[14] Fatemi A, Demerdash N A O, Nehl T W, et al. Large-scale design optimization of PM machines over a target operating cycle[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2016, 52(5): 3772-3782.
[15] 吉敬华, 沈人洁, 徐亮, 等. 考虑运行工况的模块化双永磁游标电机多工作点优化设计[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(22) : 5649-5659.
Ji Jinghua, Shen Renjie, Xu Liang, et al.Multi-working point optimization of modular double permanent-magnet vernier motor considering operation condition[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(22) : 5649-5659.
[16] Cheng Ming, Han Peng, Hua Wei.General airgap field modulation theory for electrical machines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2017, 64(8): 6063-6074.
[17] Yang Yinye, Rahman M M, Lambert T, et al.Development of an external rotor V-shape permanent magnet machine for E-bike application[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2018, 33(4): 1650-1658.
[18] 樊英, 雷宇通, 张秋实. 新型交替极混合励磁电机宽速域电流高效协调控制[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40(24): 7918-7927.
Fan Ying, Lei Yutong, Zhang Qiushi.Wide speed area and efficient current coordinated control of new consequent-pole hybrid excitation motor[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40(24): 7918-7927.