|
|
|
| Simulation of Anode Thermal Process in Vacuum Arc Under Axial Magnetic Field |
| Wang Lijun, Jia Shenli, Liu Yu, Yang Dingge, Shi Meng, Shi Zongqian |
| State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi’ an Jiaotong University Xi’ an 710049 China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract In this paper, two-dimensional transient axisymmetrical model of anode thermal process in vacuum arc under axial magnetic field is established. Based on this model, anode thermal process under different heat flux densities for pure copper electrode is simulated and analyzed under the condition of limited interruption. Through numerical simulation, anode temperature distribution along radial and axial directions can be obtained. Simulation results show that anode temperature is increased gradually with the increase of heat flux density, but the increase increment is reduced due to the intensification of evaporation cooling. The maximum value of anode temperature appears not at peak current value moments, but is lagged. When anode melting appears, the radial distribution curve of anode surface will appear deflection point. Moreover, the decay of anode surface temperature along axial direction is very fast. The distributions of anode melting radius, depth, saturated vapor pressure and vapor flux also can be obtained by simulation. After current zero moment, anode begins to become cooling, however, the cooling velocity is far less than the velocity of temperature rising. Under the condition of limited interruption, the smaller increase of heat flux density to anode will lead to larger increase of saturation vapor pressure and vapor flux. Simulation results are in good agreement with experimental results.
|
|
Received: 20 November 2009
Published: 07 March 2014
|
|
|
|
|
|
[1] Schade E, Shmelev D, Kleberg I. Numerical modeling of the heat flux to the anode of high-current vacuum arcs[C]. 21st International Conference on Electrical Contacts (ICEC2002), Zurich, Switzerland, 2002.
[2] Niwa Y, Sato J, Yokokura K, et al. The effect of contact material on temperature and melting of anode surface in the vacuum interrupter [C]. 19th ISDEIV, Xi& #x02019; an, China, 2000: 524-527.
[3] Alferov D F, Nevrovskii V A, Sidorov V A. Anode mode of vacuum arc in multirod electrode system[J]. High Temperature, 2002, 40(1): 15-20.
[4] Wang L, Jia S, Yang D, et al. Modeling and simulation of anode activity in high-curent vacuum arc[J]. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 2009, 42: 145203(13pp).
[5] Lafferty J M. Vacuum arcs: theory and application[M]. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1976.
[6] 王季梅. 真空开关理论及其应用[M]. 西安: 西安交通大学出版社, 1986.
[7] 王建华. 真空电弧阳极斑点形成过程及纵向磁场的影响[D]. 西安: 西安交通大学, 1984.
[8] 王毅, 王季梅. 真空电弧等离子体弧柱现象模型分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 1992, 12(5): 53-57.
[9] Boxman R L. Magnetic constriction effects in high-current vacuum arcs prior to the release of anode vapor [J]. J. App. Phys., 1977, 48(6): 2338-2345.
[10] Jolly D C. Anode surface temperature and spot formation model for the vacuum arc [J]. J. Appl., Phys., 1982, 53(9): 6121-6126.
[11] Ecker G. Anode spot instability I. the homogeneous short gap instability[J]. IEEE Trans. on Plasma Sci., 1974(2): 130-146.
[12] Dyuzhev G A, Lyubimov G A, Shkol& #x02019; nik S M. Conditions of the anode spot formation in a vacuum arc [J]. IEEE Trans. on Plasma Sci., 1983, 11(5): 36-45.
[13] Delachaux T, Fritz O, Gentch D, et al. Modeling of a high current vacuum arc in transverse magnetic field and influence of the electrode gap on the arc motion [C]. 28th ICPIG, July 15-20, Prague, Czech Republic, 2007: 1803-1806.
[14] Smithells C J. Metals reference book[M]. Chichester: R. J. Acford. Ltd. Industrial Estate, 1976.
[15] Weast R C. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics [M]. 55th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1974. |
|
|
|
2011, Vol. 26 
