|
|
Coordinated Operation of Large Scale Electric Vehicles Charging with Wind-Thermal Power System |
Liu Wenxia1,Zhao Tianyang1,Qiu Wei2,Zhang Jianhua1 |
1.State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China 2.National Electric Power Dispatching and Control Center Beijing 100031 China |
|
|
Abstract The rapid development of renewable energy poses new challenges to the operation of the grid wind power can not be fully used due to the lack of peak-load regulation capacity and so on. And the electric vehicle charging as controllable provides the opportunity to improve the grid operation. A two-stage control mechanism based on grid and EV users is proposed to determine the coordinated program between large-scale EV charging and wind-thermal system. At the user side,different charging strategies for different users are established to optimize EV charging. At the grid side,a dynamic environmental dispatch model including economy,emission and wind-power abandoned is proposed to optimize outputs of the thermal units. The orthogonal initialization,improved crowd distance calculation and self-adaptive parameter control are put forward due to the weakness existing in the multi-objective differential evolution. Simulations are done in a system containing 10 thermal units and large-scale wind-power system,the coordinated program is determined,and impacts of EV scale and reserve on the operation are also analyzed.
|
Received: 22 April 2011
Published: 11 December 2013
|
|
|
|
|
[1] 杨宏, 刘建新, 苑津莎. 风电系统中常规机组负调峰能力研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2010, 30(16): 26-31. Yang Hong, Liu Jianxin, Yuan Jinsha. Research of peak load regulation of conventional generators in wind power grid[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2010, 30(16): 26-31. [2] 张宏宇, 印永华, 申洪, 等. 大规模风电接入后的系统调峰充裕性评估[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2011, 31(22): 26-31. Zhang Hongyu, Yin Yonghua, Shen Hong, et al. Peak-load regulating adequacy evaluation associated withlarge-scale wind power integration[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2011, 31(22): 26-31. [3] 张丽英, 叶廷路, 辛耀中, 等. 大规模风电接入电网的相关问题及措施[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2010, 30(25): 1-9. Zhang Liying, Ye Tinglu, Xin Yaozhong, et al. Problems and measures of power grid accommodating large scale wind power[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2010, 30(25): 1-9. [4] Gomez T, Roman S, Momber I, et al. Regulatory framework and business models for charging plug-in electric vehicles: Infrastructure, agents, and commer- cial relationships[J]. Energy Policy, 2011, 39: 6360- 6375. [5] Sundstr#x000f6;m O,Binding C. Flexible charging optimiza- tion for electric vehicles considering distribution grid constraints[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2012, 3(1): 26-37. [6] Shao S N, Pipattanasomporn M,Rahman S. Grid integration of electric vehicles and demand response with customer choice[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2012, 3(1): 543-550. [7] Valentine K, G Temple W, Zhang K M. Intelligent electric vehicle charging: Rethinking the valley-fill[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2011(196): 10717-10726. [8] Ahn C, Li C T, Peng H. Optimal decentralized charging control algorithm for electrified vehicles connected to smart grid[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2011(196): 10369-10379. [9] Wu D, Aliprantis D C, Ying L. Load scheduling and dispatch for aggregators of plug-in electric vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2012, 3(1): 368- 376. [10] Kristoffersen T K, Capion K, Meibom P. Optimal charging of electric drive vehicles in a market environment[J]. Applied Energy, 2011, 88: 1940-1948. [11] Cao Y J, Li C B, Zhang P, et al. An optimized EV charging model considering tou price and soccurve[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2012, 3(1): 388- 393. [12] Pantos M. Stochastic optimal charging of electric- drive vehicles with renewable energy[J]. Energy, 2011, 36: 6567-6576. [13] Robi#x0010d; T, Filipi#x0010d; B. DEMO: differential evolution for multiobjective optimization[C]. Evolutionary Muti- Criterion Optimization 2005, Heidelberg, Germany: Springer, 2005: 520-533. [14] Darabi Z, Ferdowsi M. Aggregated impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles on electricity demand profile [J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2011, 2(4): 501-508. [15] 胡泽春, 宋永华, 徐智威, 等. 电动汽车接入电网的影响与利用[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2012, 32(4): 1-11. Hu Zechun, Song Yonghua, Xu Zhiwei, et al. Impacts and utilization of electric vehicles integration into power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE, 2012, 32(4): 1-11. [16] Qian K J, Zhou C K. Modeling of load demand due to EV battery charging in distribution systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2011, 26(2): 802- 810. [17] Peng M H, Liu L, Jiang C W. A review on the economic dispatch and risk management of the large-scale plug-in electric vehicles (PHEVs)- penetrated power systems[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2012, 16: 1508-1515. [18] Li Z, Ouyang M G. The pricing of charging for electric vehicles in China#x02014;Dilemma and solution[J]. Energy, 2011, 36: 5765-5778. [19] Basu M. Dynamic economic emission dispatch using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II[J]. International Journal of Electrical Power Energy Systems, 2008, 30(2): 140-149. [20] Chen C L, Lee T Y, Jan R M.Optimal wind-thermal coordination dispatch in isolated power systems with large integration of wind capacity[J]. Energy Conversation and Management, 2006, 47: 3456-3472. [21] Leung Y W, Wang Y P. An orthogonal genetic algorithm with quantization for global numerical optimization[J]. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 2001, 5(1): 41-53. [22] Deb K, Pratap A, Agarwal S, et al. A fast and elitist multi-objective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II[J]. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 2002, 6(2): 182-197. [23] 彭春华, 孙惠娟. 基于非劣排序微分进化的多目标优化发电调度[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2009, 29(34): 71-76. Peng Chunhua, Sun Huijuan. Multi-objective optimi- zation power dispatchbased on non-dominated sorting differential evolution[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2009, 29(34): 71-76. [24] Brest J, Greiner S, Bo#x00161;kovi#x00107; B, et al. Self-adapting control parameters in differential evolution: a compa- rative study on numerical benchmark problems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 2006, 10(6): 646-657. [25] Lu Y L, Zhou J Z, Qin H, et al. Chaotic differential evolution methods for dynamic economic dispatch with valve-point effects[J]. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 2011, 24: 378-387. [26] Luo Z W, Song Y H, Hu Z C, et al. Forecasting charging load of plug-in electricvehicles in China[C]. Power and Energy Society General Meeting, San Diego, CA, 2011. |
|
|
|