基于区块链的分布式储能充放电权耦合共享交易

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.231854

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摘要

为有效解决分布式储能利用率低、投资运营成本难以回收的问题,亟须研究面向分布式储能的交易机制。传统交易方式成本高昂、结算不及时、信任缺乏且难以确保安全性,引入区块链技术有望破解上述难题。首先,探索基于区块链的储能共享商业运营模式,研究储能所有权与使用权分离的共享交易机制,以及区块链支持下的共享交易流程、共享应用场景、价格机制、信用管理机制、结算机制与滚动交易模式,建立充电权与放电权耦合的储能共享交易优化出清模型;在此基础上,搭建去中心化、高隐私性的区块链交易平台,利用智能合约实现储能使用权转移与充放电控制,通过交互核心交易功能,形成完整的储能共享交易与控制流程;最后,通过算例分析,分布式储能共享交易可达成交易双方共赢的局面,有助于推动储能规模化发展。

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	江岳文
	林佩伶
	黄重阳

关键词 ：分布式储能, 共享交易, 充放电权耦合, 区块链

Abstract：

To effectively address the issues of low utilization and challenging cost recovery in distributed energy storage, it is crucial to study trading mechanisms tailored to distributed energy storage. The business model of the sharing economy applied to the energy storage field has potential, and many existing methods have implemented diverse energy sharing transactions using blockchain technology. However, these studies have not adequately considered the convenience of energy storage operations. To tackle this problem, this paper views energy storage as a physical device and designs a more user-friendly coupled charging and discharging sharing mechanism. This approach reduces transaction risks while enhancing the control rights of energy storage participants.
First, a business model for energy storage sharing was explored, and a sharing mechanism that separates ownership and usage rights was studied. The trading process, application scenarios, pricing mechanisms, credit management, settlement mechanisms, and rolling trading models supported by blockchain technology were investigated. An optimization model for energy storage sharing that couples charging and discharging rights was established. Then, a decentralized and privacy-focused blockchain platform was built. Smart contracts were used to facilitate the transfer of energy usage rights and control of charging and discharging. This platform ensures the sustainability of energy storage systems while highlighting their role as leaseable physical assets.
By simulating scenarios where distributed energy sources and electricity consumers participate in energy storage sharing for deviation handling, we assess the feasibility of the energy storage sharing market. From the perspective of energy storage, profitability depends on initial investment and maintenance costs, as well as equipment parameters. Under current cost levels, energy storage systems with power-to-capacity ratios exceeding 1/4 can profit in this market. From the perspective of energy storage participants, if market prices for distributed electricity transactions are higher than 0.74 yuan/kWh, and the price difference between peak and off-peak electricity sales is greater than 0.4 yuan/kWh, market participants can gain 2.4% to 14.3% more profit through energy storage sharing than through grid backup mode. Conversely, when market prices are lower and price differences are smaller, participants may earn 0.71% to 10.69% less through energy storage sharing. Thus, under specific market conditions, distributed energy storage sharing can create mutually beneficial transactions. Additionally, blockchain technology supports an automated end-to-end trading process, including transaction submission, matching, energy usage rights transfer, on-chain data storage, and real-time settlement.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the simulation analysis:(1) The profitability of energy storage participation in the sharing market is subject to the constraints of initial construction, operational costs, and the parameters of energy storage devices. Technological improvements, coupled with cost reductions, are expected to promote the development of the energy storage sharing market. (2)Market conditions characterized by significant fluctuations in grid electricity prices and high levels of trading prices for distributed electricity are more likely to attract market participants to engage in energy storage sharing transactions. (3)Blockchain technology ensures transparency and traceability in energy storage sharing transactions while enhancing the trust of energy storage sharing participants in the platform. This provides robust technical support for the further implementation and promotion of distributed energy storage sharing transactions.

Key words： Distributed energy storage shared transactions coupled charging-discharging rights blockchain

收稿日期: 2023-11-08

PACS:

TM73

基金资助:

国家电网总部科技资助项目（SGFJDK00DWJS2310070）

通讯作者: 江岳文女,1977年生,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为风电并网优化运行、电力系统优化运行等。E-mail：554613841@qq.com

作者简介: 林佩伶女,1998年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为电力系统优化运行与电力市场。E-mail：512671191@qq.com

引用本文:

江岳文, 林佩伶, 黄重阳. 基于区块链的分布式储能充放电权耦合共享交易[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 231854-231854. Jiang Yuewen, Lin Peiling, Huang Chongyang. Blockchain-Based Distributed Energy Storage Charge-Discharge Rights Coupled with Shared Transactions. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 231854-231854.

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