考虑火电时滞特性的电池储能集群调频综合控制策略研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.240091

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摘要

该文提出一种电池储能集群参与电网调频的综合控制策略,能实现较好的频率控制效果和电池储能集群的安全经济运行。首先,针对火电机组响应时滞特性导致的调频精度低、甚至在负荷快速变化下反向错误调节的问题,提出基于全通滤波的电池储能-火电机组联合调频控制模型,并结合实际负荷扰动数据的频谱分析进一步提出模型参数设计方法,使电池储能作为相移器控制负荷扰动相位与火电机组出力基本一致,有效改善了调频效果。然后,提出基于调频周期内功率权重动态修正与储能单元依次投入的SOC一致性控制策略,解决了SOC差异较小时一致性迭代方向与调频功率响应方向相反的问题,兼顾SOC一致性维持和功率响应,并减小了储能单元频繁投切对其使用寿命的影响。同时,考虑调频过程电池储能需频繁充放电状态切换,采用储能集群分组控制模式以减小储能集群寿命损耗,提高储能调频经济性。最后,搭建某区域电网仿真模型验证本文策略的有效性。

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关键词 ：时滞特性, 火储调频, 全通滤波, 电池寿命, SOC一致性

Abstract：

To achieve the strategic goal of "carbon peak, carbon neutrality", the renewable with random output fluctuation is connected to power grid on a large scale in recent years, which brings challenges to the frequency stability of power grid. The energy storage technology is rapidly development, and providing technical support for the frequency regulation capability improving of power grid. The energy storage has rapid response and high precision and is not affected by region and season compared with traditional frequency regulation,. Therefore, the energy storage is gradually becoming research hot spot, which as an auxiliary resource to participate in frequency regulation. At present, the energy storage is mainly applied to assist thermal power units to participate in primary and secondary frequency regulation. However, the existed researchs focuses on the distribution of frequency regulation signals between battery energy storage and thermal power units to optimize the output of both, which is not to considering the output lag of thermal power units, and the wrong action of reverse regulation in the case of rapid load disturbance, so that the frequency regulation accuracy is insufficient. In addition, the energy storage system is composed of multiple energy storage units. the power distribution among the units should be researched to improve the safety and economy of the energy storage system operation. However, the state of charge(SOC) consistency, and SOC consistency control economy of energy storage is not effectively take into account at the existed researchs
To overcome the above shortcomings, a comprehensive control strategy of battery energy storage cluster for frequency modulation is proposed. Firstly, the frequency modulation mechanism and the output lag of thermal power units is analyzed, which causing the lack of frequency modulation accuracy. and a novel idea and control model for frequency regulation between battery energy storage system and thermal power units based on all-pass filter is proposed, and a parameter design method of the controller based on the actual load data is further proposed ,so that the load disturbance phase is basically consistent with the output of thermal power units by controlling the battery energy storage. Which solving the problem of low accuracy of frequency regulation caused by the response delay of thermal power units. On this basis, considering that the SOC differences in the frequency regulation of battery energy storage units will generate circulation between units, which will affect the safe operation of the energy storage system, a SOC consistency control strategy based on dynamic power weight correction and sequential input of energy storage units is proposed. Which solving the problem that the direction of consistency iteration and the power direction of frequency regulation are opposite when SOC difference is small, and both SOC consistency maintenance and power response are taken into account. Meanwhile, the influence of frequent switching on the service life of energy storage unit is reduced. At the same time, the battery energy storage needs to frequent charge and discharge during frequency regulation is considered, and the grouping control of energy storage cluster is applied to reduce the service life loss of energy storage cluster, which improve the economy of energy storage frequency modulation. Finally, an evaluation model based on rain-flow counting method is proposed to evaluate the energy storage service life, and the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified based on a regional power grid model.
The cases show that the maximum forward frequency deviation of the proposed strategy is reduced by 48.74% and 24.67%, respectively, and the minimum negative frequency deviation decreased by 52.78% and 38.25% respectively compared with the traditional frequency regulation. The average absolute value of frequency deviation decreased by 23.47% and 17.39%, respectively compared with existed discrete weighted consistency control. The average actions with proposed control is reduced by 31.78%, and the service life is prolonged by nearly 2 times with proposed strategy compared with the single battery control.

Key words： Time delay characteristics thermal-energy storage frequency regulation all-pass filter battery service life SOC consistency

收稿日期: 2024-01-13

PACS:

TM621

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金资助项目（52377097）和国家重点基础研究发展计划项目（973计划）（2023YFB2407605）资助

通讯作者: 毛志宇男,1998年生,硕士,研究方向为储能建模与控制技术、新能源并网。E-mail：maozy1@csg.cn

作者简介: 肖家杰男,2000年生,硕士研究生,研究方向储能建模及其在电力系统中应用。E-mail：1030982997@qq.com

引用本文:

肖家杰, 李培强, 毛志宇, 涂春鸣. 考虑火电时滞特性的电池储能集群调频综合控制策略研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 2024031411-2024031411. Xiao Jiajie, Li Peiqiang, Mao Zhiyu, Tu Chunming. Research on Integrated Control Strategy of Battery Energy Storage Cluster for Frequency Regulation Considering Thermal Power Time Lag Characteristic. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 2024031411-2024031411.

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