计及系统强度约束的设备异构新能源场站集群协同紧急控制策略

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.251679

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摘要

新能源占比快速提升,使得交流系统电压支撑强度(简称系统强度)变弱,容易发生稳定问题。为此,本文聚焦包含多样化异构设备的新能源基地,针对新能源功率预测大偏差、线路停运等诱发系统强度骤降事件,提出计及系统强度约束的多新能源场站协同紧急控制策略,维持新能源基地的安全稳定运行。本文首先针对包含多样化异构设备的新能源基地,基于广义短路比(generalized short circuit ratio, gSCR)系统强度指标,建立便于异构系统稳定裕度实时监测的评估架构;将应对系统强度骤降的紧急控制目标表征为满足系统强度约束的新能源送出功率最大化问题,从而在维持系统小干扰稳定运行的同时;为了快速实现上述控制目标,利用系统稳定裕度的实时反馈信息,基于原对偶次梯度算法(Primal dual gradient method, PDS)构建新能源基地中多场站协同参与的在线紧急控制策略。仿真算例结果表明,所提出的紧急控制策略能够维持足够的系统强度,有效降低系统的振荡风险,提高电力系统运行的安全性和稳定性。

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关键词 ：多新能源场站, 系统强度, 小干扰稳定性, 广义短路比, 紧急控制

Abstract：

With the acceleration of global energy transition, the penetration rate of new energy is gradually increasing, which weakens the voltage support strength of the system (referred to as "system strength") and easily induces stability problems such as static voltage instability and sub/super synchronous oscillation. In order to overcome the above challenges, this paper focuses on new energy bases containing multiple heterogeneous renewable energy plants. In response to small-probability events such as large deviations in renewable energy plants prediction and line shutdowns that may trigger a sudden drop in system strength, a collaborative emergency control strategy for multiple renewable energy plants considering system strength constraints is proposed to maintain the safe and stable operation of the new energy base after experiencing a sudden drop in system strength.
Firstly, for new energy bases containing multiple heterogeneous renewable energy plants, an evaluation architecture is established based on the generalized short circuit ratio (gSCR) system strength index to facilitate real-time monitoring of system stability margin. Based on this, the emergency control objective is characterized as the problem of maximizing the output power of renewable energy plants that satisfies the system strength constraints, in order to maintain stable system operation while avoiding cascading failures, e.g., frequency drop which may be induced by active power shortages as much as possible. In order to quickly achieve the above control objectives, real-time feedback of system stability margin is utilized to construct a collaborative emergency control strategy for multiple heterogeneous renewable energy plants in the new energy base based on the primal dual gradient algorithm. On the premise of ensuring sufficient system strength and small disturbance stability margin, the overall output of each renewable energy plants is maximized while maintaining sufficient system strength. After the system strength gradually recovers, the power output of each renewable energy plant will adaptively increase until it reaches the upper limit.
The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified through simulation. Compared with traditional complex trial-and-error method, the relative error of the proposed fast calculation method for critical generalized short-circuit ratio is mostly within 3%, with a maximum of 5%, and is not less than trial-and-error value, which demonstrates that the fast calculation method possesses both accuracy and robustness. Under the fault condition, the system without emergency control will become unstable within 0.5 seconds. With the proposed emergency control scheme, the oscillation will stabilize within 3 seconds. In the IEEE 39-bus system with a stability margin set at 0.2, the new energy deloading ratio is 28.01%, which is lower than that of existing methods.
The following conclusions can be drawn from this paper: (1) By analyzing the small disturbance stability of new energy systems, a critical generalized short-circuit ratio calculation method considering heterogeneous characteristics of multiple renewable energy plants is proposed to quantify the small disturbance stability margin. (2) Based on the aforementioned method, the small disturbance stability margin of the distributed real-time monitoring system can be monitored in the real time, providing a reference for the stability evaluation of the operation of new energy bases. (3) The proposed online distributed emergency control strategy for heterogeneous new energy bases enables each renewable power station to actively respond to random fluctuations in system operating conditions and adaptively meet the requirements of the proposed power allocation rules. When the system strength drops, the new energy deloading ratio is optimized, which can avoid sub/super synchronous oscillations caused by weak grid condition and large-scale renewable energy outage.
For new energy bases that include grid-following and grid-forming devices, how to leverage the synergistic effect between grid-following and grid-forming devices to further enhance the effectiveness of emergency control will be an important research direction in the future.

Key words： Renewable integration system strength small signal stability generalized short circuit ratio emergency control

收稿日期: 2025-09-28

PACS:

TM761

基金资助:

国家电网有限公司科技项目资助（SGJL0000DKJS2400251）

通讯作者: 朱继忠男,1966年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为综合智慧能源系统优化运行与控制。E-mail：zhujz@scut.edu.cn

作者简介: 刘云男,1988年生,副教授,博士生导师,研究方向为微网/主动配电网分布式优化控制、新能源电力系统稳定分析、运行与控制。E-mail：lyscut@scut.edu.cn

引用本文:

刘云, 杨晗露, 潘建宏, 宋晓喆, 王鼎, 朱继忠. 计及系统强度约束的设备异构新能源场站集群协同紧急控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 20251679-. Liu Yun, Yang Hanlu, Pan Jianhong, Song Xiaozhe, Wang Ding, Zhu Jizhong. Collaborative Emergency Control Strategy for Multiple Heterogeneous Renewable Energy Plants Considering System Strength. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 20251679-.

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