新能源经柔直送出系统送端联合故障穿越控制

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.251467

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摘要

新能源经柔直送出系统的送端交流线路发生故障时,送端换流站会出现传输有功功率显著降低甚至向故障点倒送有功的现象,严重影响受端电网功率平衡;在故障恢复阶段,若送端换流站直接恢复会产生交流过电压,若场站输出有功恢复过慢会增加Chopper装置的压力。针对上述问题,本文提出了送端故障期间和故障恢复阶段的新能源场站-送端换流站联合故障穿越控制。首先,构建了故障期间基于等效电流源的系统故障分析模型,以有功正向传输最大为目标,推导出两侧换流器电流幅值和相角的最优控制量。据此,分别提出了故障期间基于故障信息和无需故障信息的新能源-送端换流站电流单环协调控制。然后,在故障恢复阶段,以送端换流站电压恢复斜率和新能源网侧换流器有功恢复斜率为控制量,通过二者限流约束和Chopper装置运行条件,推导新能源场站与柔直系统的恢复配合关系和恢复斜率取值范围,提出了故障恢复阶段新能源场站有功与柔直电压斜坡协调恢复策略。最后,仿真验证了所提联合故障穿越控制的有效性。

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	闫晓然
	郝全睿
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	王淑颖

关键词 ：新能源, 柔性直流输电, 联合故障穿越, 电流单环协调控制, 协调故障恢复

Abstract：

When an AC fault occurs at the sending-end line of renewable energy modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) system, the sending-end modular multilevel converter (MMC) may experience a significant drop in transmitted active power or even reverse active power flow to the fault point, which severely disrupts the power balance of the receiving-end grid. During the fault recovery stage, direct restoration of the sending-end MMC may result in AC overvoltage. If the active power recovery of the renewable energy station is too slow, it may increase the operational pressure on the Chopper device.
During the fault period, the existing control mainly focuses on the current limiting control of new energy stations or sending-end converter stations to avoid the overcurrent blocking of converter stations. However, it does not pay attention to the active power reversal caused by the current reversal of the sending-end MMC. During the fault recovery stage, the existing control mainly focuses on the recovery of overvoltage issues, without considering the impact of the surplus active power dissipation operating conditions of the Chopper device in the station on active power recovery, nor does it involve the quantitative coordination between active power recovery and voltage recovery. In response to the above issues, this paper proposes a coordinated fault ride-through control of renewable energy station and the sending-end MMC during the fault period and fault recovery stage.
Firstly, an equivalent current source-based system fault analysis model was established for the fault period to analyze the fault characteristics. Through calculation and analysis, it was found that the active power transmitted by the sending-end MMC is related to its current in a quadratic function, with a positive maximum value determined by the amplitude and phase angle of the current of the renewable energy grid side converter and the sending-end MMC. Then the optimal control quantities for the magnitude and phase angle of the currents on both sides of the converters were derived with the objective of maximizing forward active power transmission. Based on this, two coordinated control strategies are proposed for the fault period: one requiring fault information and another that operates without fault information, both of which are implemented through a single-loop current control for the renewable energy station and the sending-end MMC.
Then during the recovery stage, the voltage recovery slope K_v of the sending-end MMC and the active power recovery slope K_p of the renewable energy station converter were used as control variables. By incorporating constraints on current limiting and the operational conditions of the Chopper device, the coordinated recovery relationship and the permissible range of recovery slopes were derived. The theoretical derivation results indicate that K_p and K_v are coupled and have a positive correlation. The larger K_v is, the greater the margin for K_p selection becomes. Therefore, K_p and K_v need to be coordinated to ensure stable recovery. Considering the most severe operating conditions, the selection principle for the recovery slope is provided. Based on this, a slope-coordinated recovery strategy is proposed for active power restoration and voltage recovery.
Finally, the simulation verification shows that the proposed coordinated fault ride-through control can effectively address the issue of reverse active power flow at the sending-end MMC during the fault period. The maximum positive transmission of active power has been achieved. And the influence of the approximation of the current control without fault information on the transmission performance can be ignored. During the fault recovery period, the active power of the renewable energy station and the voltage of the sending-end MMC recover in a ramp-like manner, following the command value. The control can also effectively suppress overvoltage and achieve safe and stable recovery after fault removal.

Key words： Renewable energy modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) coordinated fault ride-through control current single-loop coordinated control coordinated fault recovery

收稿日期: 2025-08-21

PACS:

TM712

基金资助:

国家重点研发计划资助项目（2023YFB4203000）

通讯作者: 郝全睿男,1984年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为柔性直流输电、新能源并网稳定性分析及控制等。E-mail：haoquanrui@sdu.edu.cn

作者简介: 闫晓然女,2001年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为新能源并网控制。E-mail：yanxiaoran147@126.com

引用本文:

闫晓然, 郝全睿, 燕磊, 郭猛, 王淑颖. 新能源经柔直送出系统送端联合故障穿越控制[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 20251467-. Yan Xiaoran, Hao Quanrui, Yan Lei, Guo Meng, Wang Shuying. Coordinated Fault Ride-Through Control at the Sending End of Renewable Energy MMC-HVDC System. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 20251467-.

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