考虑延时响应资源与变参数VSG的源荷储协调频率支撑控制策略

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.250814

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摘要

随着风电比例的不断上升,电力系统频率支撑强度的逐渐降低对系统的频率安全构成严重威胁。为提升风电并网电力系统的频率支撑能力,本文基于频率安全约束对同步机、风电、独立储能电站与可中断负荷等资源共同参与频率支撑时的协调控制策略问题展开研究。首先,提出一种考虑抑制二次跌落的变参数虚拟同步机控制策略,根据风机运行状态动态调整控制参数来抑制转速恢复对系统频率的影响。其次,推导了考虑源荷储频率支撑特性的系统频率解析表达式,并分析了独立储能与可中断负荷对频率动态过程的影响。随后,基于考虑多资源主体的系统频率响应模型,对频率最低点约束进行了分段线性化处理,基于该线性频率安全约束提出了一种电力系统源荷储协调控制策略。最后,以改进的IEEE 39节点系统和省级电网案例验证了所提控制策略能够在保证系统频率安全的前提下合理协调源荷储等资源参与频率支撑。

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关键词 ：频率安全, 变参数VSG控制, 二次跌落, 独立储能电站, 可中断负荷

Abstract：

The ability of wind power to provide frequency support to the grid differs across various wind speed conditions. When the system encounters faults that exceed the frequency support capabilities of synchronous generators and wind power resources, it becomes essential to enhance the system frequency support strength by integrating independent energy storage stations and interruptible loads. Power-side response resources can offer real-time frequency support to the system. However, independent energy storage stations and interruptible loads require specific scheduling instructions to participate in frequency support, resulting in a certain degree of delay. Typically, independent energy storage stations provide frequency support in a constant power mode, necessitating a certain response time to reach rated operating conditions after receiving dispatch instructions. In contrast, interruptible loads can respond immediately upon receiving scheduling instructions, exhibiting a step response characteristic. Prior to the activation of independent energy storage stations and interruptible loads, several steps must be completed, including data acquisition, system fault diagnosis, command issuance, and data communication. Delays in this process can significantly affect the system frequency dynamics. Therefore, to ensure effective coordination and control of resources such as source, load, and storage following a fault, it is crucial to develop a system frequency response model that accommodates various frequency support entities.
To enhance the frequency support capabilities of wind power-integrated systems, this paper investigates a coordinated control strategy involving synchronous generators, wind power, independent energy storage stations, and interruptible loads when they collectively contribute to frequency support under frequency security constraints. Firstly, we propose a variable parameter virtual synchronous machine control strategy aimed at suppressing secondary drops. This strategy dynamically adjusts control parameters based on the operational status of the wind turbine to mitigate the impact of speed recovery on system frequency. Secondly, we derive an analytical expression for system frequency that considers the frequency support characteristics of source-load-storage systems, and we analyze the effects of independent energy storage stations and interruptible loads on the frequency response dynamics. Next, we segment and linearize the frequency nadir constraint based on the system frequency response model that incorporates multiple resource contributors. Using this linear frequency security constraint, we propose a coordinated control strategy for source-load-storage in power systems. Finally, we validate the proposed control strategy through simulations of an improved IEEE 39-bus system and a provincial power grid case, demonstrating its effectiveness in coordinating resources such as generators, loads, and energy storage stations to provide frequency support while ensuring system frequency stability.
Through simulation analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) The variable parameter VSG control proposed in this paper provides adequate frequency support during the initial phase of fault occurrence. After reaching a designated time, the control parameters are gradually reduced, allowing the wind turbine to transition smoothly into the speed recovery state, which helps minimize the amplitude of the secondary frequency drop. (2) The SFR model, which accounts for delayed response resources, demonstrates minimal calculation errors in predicting the maximum frequency deviation across various frequency dynamic processes. The frequency dynamics observed following disturbances closely align with actual engineering results. (3) The coordinated source-load-storage control strategy introduced in this paper is designed to minimize the compensation required from delayed response resources. The frequency nadir constraint is dynamically linearized based on different frequency dynamics and incorporated into the model to determine the necessary switching amounts for independent energy storage stations and interruptible loads across various scenarios, all while ensuring the security of the system's frequency.

Key words： Frequency security variable parameter VSG control secondary drop independent energy storage station interruptible load

收稿日期: 2025-05-18

PACS:

TM743

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金（52077066）和湖南省杰出青年基金（2024JJ2022）资助项目

通讯作者: 文云峰男,1986年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为低惯量电力系统规划、运行与控制。E-mail：yunfeng.868l@163.com

作者简介: 张超男,1994年生,博士研究生,研究方向为新能源主动支撑能力需求评估。E-mail：chaozhang94@126.com

引用本文:

张超, 文云峰, 廖帮昆, 王璐, 禹海峰. 考虑延时响应资源与变参数VSG的源荷储协调频率支撑控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 20250841-20250841. Zhang Chao, Wen Yunfeng, Liao Bangkun, Wang Lu, Yu Haifeng. A Coordinated Frequency Support Control Strategy for Source-Load-Storage Considering Delayed Response Resources and Variable Parameter VSG. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 20250841-20250841.

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