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| Enhance Small Current Breaking Performance of Self-Excited DC Air Circuit Breaker Based on An Improved Structure |
| Li Jing, Guo Peixin, Peng Shidong, Duan Wei, Cao Yundong |
| Key Lab of Special Electric Machine and High Voltage Apparatus Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang 110870 China |
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Abstract With the development of urban rail transit in China, the performance of self-excited direct current air circuit breaker (SE-DCCB), which plays the protective function, has been put forward higher requirements. Series excitation is used in the SE-DCCB to generate a magnetic field to drive the arc into the arc chamber. Thus, bi-directional breaking can be realized. However, when the equipment on the electric locomotive is in the standby state, the train is in the working state of a small current, which cannot generate enough self-excited magnetic field to drive the arc into the arc chamber. The arc fails to be extinguished in time, endangering rail transit's reliability. Improving the performance of SE-DCCB in breaking small current arcs has become an urgent problem.
A magneto-hydro-dynamic (MHD) arc model coupled with a three-dimensional self-excited magnetic field of the SE-DCCB is established. The sheath is processed precisely so that the effect of space charge near the electrode on the arc can be simulated accurately in the model. Taking SE-DCCB breaking 300 A small current as an example, the arc morphology, magnetic field strength, temperature field, and airflow field in the arc chamber are analyzed, and the main reasons for the difficulty in small current breaking in SE-DCCB are explored. During the breaking process of SE-DCCB, the arc root sticks to the arc runner's turning angle, making it difficult to move along both sides of the arc runner, and the utilization rate of splitter plates is reduced. In addition, the double airflow vortices generated at the entrance of the arc chamber make the arc tailing, resulting in a high temperature at the entrance of the arc chamber, and the possibility of arc re-strike is increased.
This paper proposes an improved structure of SE-DCCB by simulation analysis. The magnetic conductance strip is installed on the magnetic conductance plate, and the turning radius of the arc running path is reduced. The improved structure of SE-DCCB can speed up arc root motion, increase arc ductility, reduce the adverse factors affecting the small current arc extinction, and shorten the arc burning time. Meanwhile, it can effectively reduce the inlet temperature of the arc extinguishing chamber and reduce the reignition probability after the arc is extinguished.
Through simulation analysis, the following conclusions are drawn. (1) In the process of small current breaking, the arc root of SE-DCCB is easy to stop at the turning angle of the arc runner, and the double airflow vortices at the entrance of the arc chamber cause the arc tailing phenomenon, which is challenging makes it difficult for small current breaking of SE-DCCB. (2) The magnetic field strength and distribution above the arc runner affect the viscosity of arc roots. The improved magnetic conductivity structure can enhance such magnetic field strength without changing the excited current. As a result, the arc roots move farther to both sides along the arc runner, and the arc is elongated, facilitating the arc extinguishing with a small current. (3) Reducing the turning radius of the SE-DCCB arc runner can inhibit the generation of double airflow vortices at the entrance of the arc chamber, thus weakening the arc root tailing phenomenon and eliminating the potential arc reignition and breaking failure problems.
The improved model established in this paper can accurately predict arc behaviors in the self-excited field of SE-DCCB, which provides a practical way to optimize the small current arc extinguishing performance of SE-DCCB.
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Received: 27 September 2023
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2024, Vol. 39 
