计及5G基站运行协同的分布式储能优化配置方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.231450

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Abstract Communication base stations (BSs) are normally equipped with backup energy storages, which are idle in most of the time. As the construction of 5G BSs is accelerating, their backup energy storages become prospective flexible resources to electrical distribution networks. To fully utilize these energy storage resources, it is of great significance to explore their capability in participating in the flexible dispatching of distribution networks. In this context and under the background of increasing penetrations of renewable generations, an optimal configuration method for distributed energy storage (DES) considering the coordinated operation of 5G BS energy storage is proposed, which improves the voltage profiles of distribution networks, facilitates the accommodation of renewable generations and minimizes the investment cost of DES.
Firstly, by analyzing the load characteristic and the flexible energy storage capacity of 5G BS, the model of 5G BS participating in distribution network operation is constructed. The charging/discharging cost of 5G BS energy storage is also analyzed. Next, the optimal configuration method for DES considering the coordinated operation of 5G BS energy storage is proposed. This method adopts a distribution network “planning-operating” two-layer model, where the planning layer aims to minimize the network annual cost by sitting and sizing DES, and the operating layer aims to optimize the network comprehensive voltage level by dispatching the DES and 5G BS energy storage. Considering such two-layer model contains massive and heterogenous decision variables, an optimization algorithm based on multi-objective dynamic assessment considering massive heterogenous variables (DA-H) is designed. The DA-H algorithm groups the decision variables according to their properties, and searches for the optima through divide-and-conquer. By assigning the membership function for each objective, dynamic assessments are performed to determine the fitness value of each solution during iterations. This aims to allocate more searching resources to the objective function that requires greater improvement, and the final optimal solution is an equilibrium one located on the Pareto frontier.
Finally, to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method, case studies are carried out on the improved IEEE 33-bus system. Simulation results show that, by using the proposed DES configuration method, the network annual comprehensive cost equivalent to per day is 567.00 yuan, including 407.40 yuan of network power losses and 159.60 yuan of DES investment and operation costs. Compared with the case where 5G BS energy storage does not participate in network dispatching, the comprehensive cost decreases by 31.6%, where a decrease of 36.1% is achieved in DES investment and operation costs, and a decrease of 29.6% is achieved in network power losses. The costs of 5G BS before and after participating in distribution network dispatching is also compared, which demonstrates that 5G BS operators have sufficient willingness to get involved. To validate the advances of the proposed DA-H algorithm, its optimization performance is compared with improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and single-objective optimization. Results show that the DA-H algorithm achieves a balance among multiple voltage objectives. Although its performance along a single objective achieves a slight decrease, its performance along the other objectives are superior to the ones obtained in single-objective optimization. Additionally, the DA-H algorithm has advantages in solving speed and accuracy compared to other algorithms.

Key words： Distributed energy storage (DES) optimal configuration 5G base station coordinated planning and operation multi-objective dynamic assessment

Received: 01 September 2023

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TM732

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	Bi Haochun
	Qi Qi
	Liu Xiangjun
	Hou Zihao
	Ai Xin

Cite this article:

Bi Haochun,Qi Qi,Liu Xiangjun等. An Optimal Configuration Method for Distributed Energy Storage Considering Coordinated Operation of 5G Base Station[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(21): 6819-6833.

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https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.231450 OR https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/Y2024/V39/I21/6819

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