电动汽车无线充电系统接收端位置大范围唯一性辨识系统设计

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.231670

Abstract
Figure/Table
References (0)
Related Citation (15)

Download: PDF (43955 KB) HTML (1 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract In the practical application of an electric vehicle (EV) wireless charging system, quite a few human-driven or driverless electric vehicles cannot accurately stop in the effective charging area without parking guidance. During charging process, the receiver misalignment beyond an acceptable range will cause severe problems such as low charging efficiency, excess electromagnetic radiation and rapid temperature rise of the system components. Since the beginning of industrialization of EV wireless charging technology, position detection (PD), as one of the three main auxiliary functions for wireless power transfer (WPT), has been widely researched by several researchers and institutes for years. By far, hundreds of PD methods have been proposed, but there are still many problems to positioning accurately within a wide range. Based on electromagnetic (EM) position detection method, this paper proposed an accurate PD system applied to large misalignment range for EV wireless charging system. By reasonable design of the positioning coil array and optimized calculation of the induced voltages, it gets the position coordinates of the receiver in widediscrete two-dimensional space accurately and effectively.
Difficulties for the application of EM position detection to a large range stem from the low magnitude and symmetric spatial distribution of the magnetic field. To address the problem, a PD device using a triple coil array was proposed. The coil array was fixed on board, quite under the receiver coil, with the outer contour the same as the vehicle assembly (VA) for making full use of the installation space. Small quantities of the PD coils together with the design of coil geometric parameters based on effective magnetic flux area achieve a sufficient induced voltage magnitude. Non-centrosymmetric arrangement of the PD coils and the asymmetric spatial mapping relationship from each PD coil to VA guarantee the one-to-one correspondence between the VA position and the induced voltage vector. During positioning process, low power excitation was added to the coil of the ground assembly (GA), and the PD coil array moves with VA.
Before positioning, fingerprint database should be set up, so that the fitted induced voltage curves can be obtained. Position detection is a process of finding the space coordinates corresponding to the real-time obtained voltages on the fitted curves based on one-to-one correspondence relationship. In fact, those fitted curves are non-monotonic and therefore have no inverse functions. As the car moves in a straight line, the real-time voltages are regarded as three straight lines in coordinate system. By intersecting them with three corresponding fitted curves, three spatial coordinate sets can be obtained, and the final result lies in the intersection set of the three. As the car moves in a two-dimensional area, the first step is the same as the car going straight. What's more, induced voltages at a previous sampling time should be used to calculate the voltage variation rates. Taking the fingerprint database as reference, the calculated voltage variation rates can help to obtain the spatial coordinate of another dimension.
Based on WPT3 Z2 system, a PD system prototype was established and integrated. 400 points were tested within ±800 mm at the center of the GA. The single detection process delay is less than 5 ms. The positioning precision is 20 mm within ±600 mm and 50 mm between ±600 mm to ±800 mm, with the positioning accuracy rate more than 96%. From the result, it is feasible for integration of EM detection with other PD methods by data fusion technology to achieve a continuous accurate position detection at multiple spatial scales.

Key words： Wireless power transfer position detection electromagnetic induction electric vehicle

Received: 09 October 2023

PACS:

TM724

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors
	Sun Tian
	Song Beibei
	Cui Shumei
	Zhu Chunbo
	Dong Shuai

Cite this article:

Sun Tian,Song Beibei,Cui Shumei等. Design of Accurate Position Detection System Applied to Large Misalignment Range for Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging System[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(21): 6626-6635.

URL:

https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.231670 OR https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/Y2024/V39/I21/6626

[1] 刘耀, 肖晋宇, 赵小令, 等. 无线电能传输技术发展与应用综述[J]. 电工电能新技术, 2023, 42(2): 48-67.
Liu Yao, Xiao Jinyu, Zhao Xiaoling, et al.Development and application review on wireless power transmission technology[J]. Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy, 2023, 42(2): 48-67.
[2] 徐先峰, 吴慧玲, 杨雄政, 等. 空间约束下电动汽车无线充电系统磁耦合结构优化[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(12): 3581-3588.
Xu Xianfeng, Wu Huiling, Yang Xiongzheng, et al.Optimization of magnetically coupled structure of wireless charging system for electric vehicles under space constraint[J]. Transactions of China Electro-technical Society, 2024, 39(12): 3581-3588.
[3] Birrell S A, Wilson D, Yang C P, et al.How driver behaviour and parking alignment affects inductive charging systems for electric vehicles[J]. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2015, 58: 721-731.
[4] 崔淑梅, 宋贝贝, 王志远. 电动汽车动态无线供电磁耦合机构研究综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(3): 537-554.
Cui Shumei, Song Beibei, Wang Zhiyuan.Overview of magnetic coupler for electric vehicles dynamic wireless charging[J]. Transactions of China Electro-technical Society, 2022, 37(3): 537-554.
[5] 张献, 邢子瑶, 薛明, 等. 无线电能传输系统异物检测技术研究综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(4): 793-807.
Zhang Xian, Xing Ziyao, Xue Ming, et al.Overview of foreign object detection in wireless power transfer system[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(4): 793-807.
[6] 程志远, 陈坤, 李东东, 等. 旋转式无线充电系统偏移特性研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(22): 4648-4657.
Cheng Zhiyuan, Chen Kun, Li Dongdong, et al.Research on offset characteristics of rotary wireless charging system[J]. Transactions of China Electro-technical Society, 2021, 36(22): 4648-4657.
[7] 李卓玥, 王春芳, 魏芝浩, 等. 电动汽车无线充电磁耦合器屏蔽层的优化设计[J]. 电源学报, 2023, 21(6): 144-151.
Li Zhuoyue, Wang Chunfang, Wei Zhihao, et al.Optimization and design of shielding layer in magnetic coupler for wireless charging of electric vehicles[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2023, 21(6): 144-151.
[8] 刘尚合, 马贵蕾, 满梦华, 等. 电磁防护仿生研究进展[J]. 高电压技术, 2022, 48(5): 1750-1762.
Liu Shanghe, Ma Guilei, Man Menghua, et al.Research progress of electromagnetic protection biomimetics[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2022, 48(5): 1750-1762.
[9] Hybrid-EV Committee.Wireless power transfer for light-duty plug-in/electric vehicles and alignment methodology: SAE J2954_202408[S]. SAE International, 2024.
[10] Electric vehicle wireless power transfer (WPT) systems-part 2: specific requirements for communication between electric road vehicle (EV) and infrastructure with respect to wireless power transfer (WPT) systems: IEC TS 61980-2[S]. IEC, 2019.
[11] Isozaki N, Chugo D, Yokota S, et al.Camera-based AGV navigation system for indoor environment with occlusion condition[C]//2011 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation, Beijing, China, 2011: 778-783.
[12] Zhang Lin, Huang Junhao, Li Xiyuan, et al.Vision-based parking-slot detection: a DCNN-based approach and a large-scale benchmark dataset[J]. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing: a Publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society, 2018, 27(11): 5350-5364.
[13] Suhr J K, Jung H G.Fully-automatic recognition of various parking slot markings in around view monitor (AVM) image sequences[C]//2012 15th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Anchorage, AK, USA, 2012: 1294-1299.
[14] Yu H Y, Chen J J, Hsiang T R.Design and implementation of a real-time object location system based on passive RFID tags[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2015, 15(9): 5015-5023.
[15] Immaculate Mary G, Prithiviraj V.Test measurements of improved UWB localization technique for precision automobile parking[C]//2008 International Conference on Recent Advances in Microwave Theory and Applications, Jaipur, India, 2008: 550-553.
[16] Jo K, Lee M, Sunwoo M.Road slope aided vehicle position estimation system based on sensor fusion of GPS and automotive onboard sensors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2016, 17(1): 250-263.
[17] Lewis A, Naserian M.Wireless charging system localization for electric vehicles using RSSI[J]. SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars -Electronic and Electrical Systems, 2015, 8(2): 340-343.
[18] 徐诗卉, 张欢, 姚辰, 等. 电动汽车无线充电系统的精确定位方法[J]. 仪表技术与传感器, 2020(11): 59-63.
Xu Shihui, Zhang Huan, Yao Chen, et al.Fine positioning method for wireless charging system of electric vehicles[J]. Instrument Technique and Sensor, 2020(11): 59-63.
[19] 方琪琦. 基于磁定位检测技术的电动汽车动态无线供电系统控制研究[D]. 北京: 北京交通大学, 2017.
Fang Qiqi.Research on control of dynamic wireless power supply system for electric vehicle based on magnetic positioning detection technology[D]. Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University, 2017.
[20] Gao Yabiao, Duan Chen, Oliveira A A, et al.3-D coil positioning based on magnetic sensing for wireless EV charging[J]. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 2017, 3(3): 578-588.
[21] Zhang Bin, Chen Qianhong, Ke Guangjie, et al.Coil positioning based on DC pre-excitation and magnetic sensing for wireless electric vehicle charging[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2021, 68(5): 3820-3830.
[22] Wang Wei, Zhang Cun, Wang Jiemin, et al.Multipurpose flexible positioning device based on electromagnetic balance for EVs wireless charging[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2021, 68(10): 10229-10239.
[23] Tan Linlin, Li Chengyun, Li Jiacheng, et al.Mesh-based accurate positioning strategy of EV wireless charging coil with detection coils[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2021, 17(5): 3176-3185.
[24] Babu A, George B.Sensor system to aid the vehicle alignment for inductive EV chargers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2019, 66(9): 7338-7346.