燃弧过程中真空旋转电弧轨迹追踪与特性

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.231454

Abstract
Figure/Table
References
Related Citation (15)

Download: PDF (8697 KB) HTML (1 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract The entire arcing process of a vacuum arc can be divided into three stages: arc initiation stage, arc development stage, and arc extinction stage. Different arc control measures have varying effects on the arcing process. Contact rotation influences the arc root state during the ignition of the vacuum arc, thereby altering the motion characteristics of the vacuum arc both on the contact surface and in the inter-contact region. Introducing rotational motion to the conventional mechanically linear-motion-based vacuum switch electrode system enhances the activity of the arc between the contacts. This rapidly transforming the characteristics of the vacuum arc leads to a more efficient dissipation of arc energy within a limited space. The Lucas-Kanade optical flow method is used to track the root position of the arc on the contact surface during the contacts separation scenarios. By analyzing voltage and current curves, the relationship between arc trajectory and arc characteristic transitions is derived.
Firstly, this paper presents a vacuum arc trajectory tracking technique founded upon the Lucas-Kanade optical flow method. Position changes of the arc in the next frame are determined by analyzing pixel point variations in arc images between adjacent frames. Secondly, both straight-pull and rotational arcs using the constructed contact-rotation vacuum arc experiment system were conducted. Thirdly, external to the vacuum chamber, inclined-angle recordings were conducted to capture motion images of the vacuum arc root. These images were obtained using an asymmetric contact structure (with a static contact diameter of 15mm and a moving contact diameter of 45 mm). Target tracking technique is applied to monitor the motion trajectory of the vacuum arc. Finally, a comparative analysis of the motion trajectories and area variations of the vacuum arc under both straight-pull and rotational operations is conducted using a colorimetric temperature measurement method.
The research conclusions reveal that: (1) During the rapid drop phase in arc current, the current in the rotating arc demonstrates a stepwise reduction, whereas the straight-pull arc exhibits a steep decline. The rotational arc undergoes more intense and rapid variations compared to the straight-pull arc, effectively disrupting the stagnation of arc on the contact surface and facilitating a swift transition to a diffusive arc; during the slow oscillation phase of current, the straight-pull arc displays a larger amplitude of oscillation, leading to irregular and random motion of the arc on the contact surface. In contrast, the rotational arc current tends to stabilize, promoting a smoother and rapid diffusion of the arc along the contact's edge due to the rotational effect. (2) Combining the arc root motion trajectories of straight-pull and rotational arcs, it becomes evident that during the arc development stages, the straight-pull arc displays a higher degree of randomness in its motion on the contact surface. As outlined in the paper, during the restrictive arc transition phase, when arc energy is relatively concentrated, the arc area is larger. Conversely, during the arc diffusion phase, when arc energy is relatively weaker due to its dispersed motion, the arc diffusion area is not as extensive; Meanwhile, under the influence of contact rotation, the rotational arc demonstrates radial motion along the contact's diameter, leading to a notably enhanced diffusion effect. (3) In the vacuum experiment involving contact rotation, the rotational motion of the contact significantly influences the transition of arc characteristics and expedites the extinguishing of the arc.

Key words： Vacuum arc rotary separation motion trajectory arc characteristics

Received: 04 September 2023

PACS:

TM561

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors
	Sheng Xin
	Li Zhengbo
	Fu Si
	Cao Yundong

Cite this article:

Sheng Xin,Li Zhengbo,Fu Si等. Tracking and Characterization of Vacuum Rotating Arc Trajectories during Arc-Firing Process[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(20): 6553-6563.

URL:

https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.231454 OR https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/Y2024/V39/I20/6553

[1] 孟凡钟. 真空断路器实用技术[M]. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社, 2009.
[2] Liu Zixi, Xiu Shixin, Long Zhisong, et al.Effect of TMF and AMF components on expansion process in different ignition modes of vacuum arc between spiral-type TMF contacts[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2020, 48(10): 3686-3697.
[3] 王季梅. 真空开关技术与应用[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2008.
[4] 邹积岩, 陈军平, 刘晓明, 等. 真空开关技术[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2021.
[5] 曹云东, 刘晓明, 刘福贵, 等. 电器学原理[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2012.
[6] 董华军, 刘政君, 郭英杰, 等. 真空开关电弧等离子体几何形态研究[J]. 真空科学与技术学报, 2015, 35(12): 1408-1413.
Dong Huajun, Liu Zhengjun, Guo Yingjie, et al.Time evolution of arc plasma geometric morphology in vacuum current breaker[J]. Chinese Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, 2015, 35(12): 1408-1413.
[7] 董华军, 廖敏夫, 邹积岩, 等. 真空开关电弧图像采集及其处理过程[J]. 电工技术学报, 2007, 22(8): 174-178.
Dong Huajun, Liao Minfu, Zou Jiyan, et al.Collection and processing procedure of vacuum switches arc images[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2007, 22(8): 174-178.
[8] 董华军, 廖敏夫, 邹积岩, 等. 基于CCD真空开关电弧等离子体参数诊断方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2007, 22(6): 65-68,81.
Dong Huajun, Liao Minfu, Zou Jiyan, et al.Methods of diagnosing the plasma parameters in vacuum switching arcs based on CCD[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2007, 22(6): 65-68, 81.
[9] 刘路辉, 庄劲武. 平板触头分离过程直流真空电弧形态与电压特性[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2014, 34(6): 934-940.
Liu Luhui, Zhuang Jinwu.Modes of drawn DC vacuum arcs and characteristics of arc voltage between butt contacts[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014, 34(6): 934-940.
[10] 王立军, 邓杰, 周鑫, 等. 两种纵磁电极下真空电弧初始扩散过程的仿真研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2014, 34(36): 6536-6544.
Wang Lijun, Deng Jie, Zhou Xin, et al.Simulation researches of vacuum arcinitial diffusion process under two kinds of axial magnetic fieldelectrodes[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014, 34(36): 6536-6544.
[11] Agarwal M S, Holmes R.Cathode spot motion in high-current vacuum arcs under self-generated azimuthal and applied axial magnetic fields[J]. Journal of Physics D Applied Physics, 1984, 17(4): 743-756.
[12] 田微, 盖斐, 张俊敏, 等. 径向放电的等离子体阴极脉冲电子束实验研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(6): 1338-1344.
Tian Wei, Gai Fei, Zhang Junmin, et al.Experiment research on pulse electron beam of plasma cathode with radial discharge[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(6): 1338-1344.
[13] 向川, 王惠, 史鹏飞, 等. 基于改进脉冲耦合神经网络模型的真空电弧燃烧过程研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(19): 4028-4037.
Xiang Chuan, Wang Hui, Shi Pengfei, et al.Research on the combustion process of vacuum arc based on an improved pulse coupled neural network model[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(19): 4028-4037.
[14] Yang Lin, Chen Lei, Ye Dong, et al.Temporal spot motion of a multispot phenomenon on the cathode surface in a vacuum arc[C]//2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV), Suzhou, China, 2016: 1-4.
[15] Rettenmaier T, Hinrichsen V, Lawall A, et al.Investigations on contact erosion in vacuum circuit breakers by arc rotation measurements with external magnetic field sensors[C]//2012 25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV), Tomsk, Russia, 2012: 201-204.
[16] Song Xin, Wang Qing, Lin Zeng, et al.Control of vacuum arc source cathode spots contraction motion by changing electromagnetic field[J]. Plasma Science and Technology, 2018, 20(2): 025402.
[17] 张程煜, 乔生儒, 刘懿文, 等. 真空电弧阴极斑点的研究进展[J]. 中国科技论文在线, 2009, 4(4): 296-301.
Zhang Chengyu, Qiao Shengru, Liu Yiwen, et al.Advances in vacuum arc cathode spots[J]. Sciencepaper Online, 2009, 4(4): 296-301.
[18] Ma Hui, Wang Jingyi, Liu Shaowei, et al.Vacuum arc transient behaviors and voltage characteristics in low-current DC interruption under rotating TMF[J]. AIP Advances, 2020, 10(8), 085123.
[19] Pang Xianhai, Yang Junfei, Jing Hao, et al.Investigation of unstable motion characteristics of vacuum arc cathode spots between transverse magnetic field contacts[J]. Contributions to Plasma Physics, 2020, 60(1): e201900086.
[20] 宋怀波, 吴頔华, 阴旭强, 等. 基于Lucas-Kanade稀疏光流算法的奶牛呼吸行为检测[J]. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(17): 215-224.
Song Huaibo, Wu Dihua, Yin Xuqiang, et al.Respiratory behavior detection of cow based on Lucas-Kanade sparse optical flow algorithm[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2019, 35(17): 215-224.
[21] 付思, 曹云东, 李静, 等. 真空金属蒸气电弧作用下阴极表面蚀坑形成过程[J]. 高电压技术, 2020, 46(3): 843-851.
Fu Si, Cao Yundong, Li Jing, et al.Formation of crater on cathode surface in vacuum metal vapor arc[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2020, 46(3): 843-851.
[22] 李静, 刘凯, 曹云东, 等. 直流接触器分断过程中弧根演变及对重燃的影响分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2019, 39(4): 1241-1251.
Li Jing, Liu Kai, Cao Yundong, et al.Arc root development and its influence on arc reigniting during the breaking process of the DC contactor[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2019, 39(4): 1241-1251.
[23] 李静, 易晨曦, 彭世东, 等. 高海拔环境下大容量直流空气断路器灭弧性能研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(3): 863-874.
Li Jing, Yi Chenxi, Peng Shidong, et al.Study on interrupting characteristics of large capacity DC air circuit breaker at high altitude[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(3): 863-874.
[24] 蒋原, 马速良, 武建文, 等. 中频真空电弧边缘击穿现象及仿真研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(19): 2887-2895.
Jiang Yuan, Ma Suliang, Wu Jianwen et al. Medium frequency vacuum arc edge breakdown phenomenon and simulation study[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(19): 2887-2895.
[25] 贾文彬, 司马文霞, 袁涛, 等. 半密闭灭弧腔室内电弧运动特性的三维仿真和实验[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(增刊1): 321-329.
Jia Wenbin, Sima Wenxia, Yuan Tao, et al.3D simulation and experiment research on arc motion characteristics in the semi-enclosed arc-extinguishing chamber[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(S1): 321-329.
[26] 蒋原, 武建文, 李擎, 等. 平板触头小开距中频真空电弧特性研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2023, 43(16): 6517-6525.
Jiang Yuan, Wu Jianwen, Li Qing, et al.Characteristics of intermediate frequency vacuum arc in butt contact with short gap[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2023, 43(16): 6517-6525.
[27] 熊兰, 曾泽宇, 杨军, 等. 小电流直流故障电弧的数学模型及其特性[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(13): 2820-2829.
Xiong Lan, Zeng Zeyu, Yang Jun, et al.Mathematical model and characteristics of low current DC fault arc[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(13): 2820-2829.
[28] 马飞越, 姚晓飞, 刘志远, 等. 2/3匝线圈式纵磁触头大开距真空断路器分闸速度设计[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(13): 4139-4152.
Ma Feiyue, Yao Xiaofei, Liu Zhiyuan, et al.Design of tripping speed of large opening distance vacuum circuit breaker with 2/3-turn coil-type longitudinal magnetic contact[J]. Transactions of China Electro- technical Society, 2024, 39(13): 4139-4152.
[29] 付思, 曹云东, 李静, 等. 触头分离瞬间真空金属蒸气电弧形成过程的仿真[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(13): 2922-2931.
Fu Si, Cao Yundong, Li Jing, et al.Simulation researches on vacuum metal vapor arc formation at the initial moment of contact parting[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(13): 2922-2931.