Investigation of Electromagnetic Force Characteristics of Permanent Magnet Electrodynamic Suspension under Multi-Operation Conditions
Cao Ting1, Shi Hongfu2, Liu Junzhi1, Wu Xuejie1, Deng Zigang1
1. State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China; 2. School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China
Abstract Due to the weak damping properties of permanent magnet electrodynamic suspension (PMEDS) system, the position and orientation of the onboard magnets are easily disturbed under external forces, thereby affecting the electromagnetic force characteristics of the system. Several studies have been carried out on the electromagnetic force characteristics of the PMEDS system under a normal condition in which magnets are in a horizontal state. The influence of the position and orientation of the magnets on the electromagnetic force characteristics is rarely considered. To investigate the electromagnetic force characteristics under various typical operating conditions such as magnets tilt, lateral deviation, and deflection, a comprehensive analysis is performed through analytical calculations, simulation analyses, and experimental verifications. Firstly, the fundamental structure and principles of the PMEDS system are introduced. Then, the magnetic field distribution functions for Halbach permanent magnet arrays in horizontal, tilted, and deflected states are derived using the Biot-Savart Law, as well as coordinate translation and rotation transformation. Based on the magnetic vector potential, a comprehensive three-dimensional analytical model is developed to accommodate various operating conditions. Secondly, a three-dimensional finite element simulation model is developed. The comparison between the analytical calculations and simulation results for magnetic field and electromagnetic force under identical parameters demonstrates the accuracy and reliability of the analytical model. Combined analytical calculations with simulations, the levitation-drag characteristics of the system are analyzed at different air gaps, as well as the influence of air gap and conductive plate width on levitation and drag forces under the normal condition. The results reveal that the PMEDS system exhibits vertical self-stability ability, and the evolution of levitation and drag forces with air gap follows an exponential function. With the increasing conductive plate width, the levitation force initially increases and then stabilizes, while the drag force first increases and then decreases. Furthermore, the influence of magnet tilt, deflection and lateral deviation on the electromagnetic force are analyzed. Compared with the normal condition, the levitation force and drag force increase slightly under the magnets tilt condition. Additionally, the lateral force is generated. With increasing speed, it increases first and then decreases. As the tilt angle increases, the levitation force, drag force and lateral force all increase. When the magnets are deflected, the levitation force and drag force decrease, with a further decrease as the deflection angle increases. Lateral deviation of the magnets from the conductive plate generates a lateral force, exacerbating the deviation. The lateral force increases with the increase of the speed and tends to be stable. As the deviation distance increases, both the levitation force and drag force linearly decrease, while the lateral force initially increases and then decreases, reaching its maximum at approximately one-third of the magnet width. Finally, using a high-speed rotary test rig with a maximum design speed of 600 km/h, the electromagnetic forces under various speeds at the given air gap are tested under normal and deviated conditions. By comparing the results from analysis, simulation and experiment, the accuracy of the analytical model and simulation is verified. Besides, the electromagnetic forces under vertical and lateral movement of magnets are also tested. The results confirm the vertical self-stability ability of the PM EDS system and the variation of electromagnetic forces with lateral deviation distance.
Cao Ting,Shi Hongfu,Liu Junzhi等. Investigation of Electromagnetic Force Characteristics of Permanent Magnet Electrodynamic Suspension under Multi-Operation Conditions[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(17): 5262-5277.
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