HVDC送端系统振荡引发受端换相失败的机理分析

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.222381

Abstract
Figure/Table
References
Related Citation (15)

Download: PDF (1416 KB) HTML (1 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract Strong electrical and control coupling exists between the sending and receiving ends of a high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system. Therefore, disturbances on the sending end can affect the operation state of the receiving end system through changes in control logic, electrical, or control quantities, increasing the risk of commutation failure (CF) on the receiving end. The phenomenon and mechanism of CF at the receiving end caused by large disturbances at the sending end have been studied in existing literature. This paper identifies the existence of inherent oscillation modes with frequencies situated in the low-frequency range in the system. When oscillations of similar frequencies manifest in the sending AC system, resonance in the DC system becomes alikely outcome, causing CF in the receiving end. Without timely control of this resonance, it triggers switching of constant current control and constant extinction angle control at the inverter side. An uncontrolled extinction angle during control switching will likely cause subsequent CFs, even DC blocking. Therefore, discovering the mechanism of such CF is important to contribute to the operational safety and stability of HVDC transmission systems.
Firstly, the whole process of the CF caused by the sending end oscillation is analyzed using simulation curves from the CIGRE benchmark HVDC system. According to the simulation results, four different stages have been identified after the first detection of the sending end oscillation.
Secondly, the eigen values of the CIGRE benchmark HVDC system are calculated using a small-signal stability model, and the inherent oscillation modes of the system are determined. A special mode, in which the sending end current controller plays a pivotal role, is identified based on participation factor values. The frequency of the special mode of the CIGRE benchmark system is 1.2 Hz, located in the low-frequency range. When the sending system encounters oscillations of nearby frequencies, resonance is easily induced, causing corruption in the sending end controller. The quasi-steady-state equations are used to derive the DC current equation to analyze the rise of DC current after resonance, resulting in a fall in the extinction angle and triggering the first CF. Then, the control equations are used to analyze the switching process of the system controller and elucidate the mechanism through which control switching leads to subsequent CFs.
Finally, the theoretical analysis is validated by simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC. A series of oscillations with different frequencies are tested, i.e., 0.1 Hz, 0.6 Hz, 0.8 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 2.5 Hz, 7.6 Hz, and 66 Hz. The results show that oscillations in the low-frequency band of 0.1~2.5 Hz can trigger resonance in the system, leading to CF at the receiving end. Moreover, the first CF is observed around 0.5 s after injecting the 1.2 Hz oscillation into the sending end system, faster than other oscillations from 0.1 Hz to 2.5 Hz, given that 1.2 Hz is the inherent oscillation frequency. Additionally, oscillations of 7.6 Hz and 66 Hz donot cause CFs, although they are also inherent oscillation frequencies. Their participation factors indicate that these two inherent oscillations are unrelated to the system controller.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the paper: (1) Four stages exist after the sending end oscillation occurs, and CFs will happen if the frequency is in a specific range. (2) The root cause of CFs arising from sending end oscillations is the resonance between these oscillations and the inherent oscillation modes of the HVDC system, inducing fluctuations in electrical and control quantities. The rise of DC current induces the first CF, and the control switching leads to subsequent CFs. (3) The key to preventing CFs caused by sending end oscillations is to tune the system parameters so that the inherent oscillation mode has a strong damping ratio in the common frequency band.

Key words： High voltage direct current sending end oscillation commutation failure mechanism analysis

Received: 03 January 2023

PACS:

TM614

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors
	Zheng Le
	Wu Jing
	Xu Yanhui
	Sun Yingyun
	Liu Chongru

Cite this article:

Zheng Le,Wu Jing,Xu Yanhui等. Mechanism Analysis of Receiving End Commutation Failure Caused by Sending End Oscillation in HVDC Transmission System[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(9): 2743-2754.

URL:

https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.222381 OR https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/Y2024/V39/I9/2743

[1] 郭春义, 赵剑, 刘炜, 等. 抑制高压直流输电系统换相失败方法综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2018, 38(增刊1): 1-10.
Guo Chunyi, Zhao Jian, Liu Wei, et al.A review of methods to mitigate the commutation failure for LCC-HVDC[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2018, 38(S1): 1-10.
[2] 孟沛彧, 向往, 潘尔生, 等. 分址建设直流输电系统拓扑方案与运行特性研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(19): 4808-4822.
Meng Peiyu, Xiang Wang, Pan Ersheng, et al.Research on topology and operation characteristics of HVDC transmission system based on site-division construction[J]. Transactions of China Electrote- chnical Society, 2022, 37(19): 4808-4822.
[3] 贺永杰, 向往, 周家培, 等. LCC-MMC串联型混合直流输电系统小信号建模[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(7):1492-1506.
He Yongjie, Xiang Wang, Zhou Jiapei, et al.Small- signal modelling of LCC-MMC series hybrid HVDC transmission system[J]. Transactions of China Elec- trotechnical Society, 2021, 36(7): 1492-1506.
[4] 武传健, 张大海. 受端混联型LCC-VSC直流输电线路快速后备保护[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(增刊2): 541-553.
Wu Chuanjian, Zhang Dahai.Fast back-up protection scheme of receiving-end hybrid LCC-VSC DC trans- mission lines[J]. Transactions of China Electro- technical Society, 2021, 36(S2): 541-553.
[5] 周孝信, 陈树勇, 鲁宗相, 等. 能源转型中我国新一代电力系统的技术特征[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2018, 38(7): 1893-1904.
Zhou Xiaoxin, Chen Shuyong, Lu Zongxiang, et al.Technology features of the new generation power system in China[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2018, 38(7): 1893-1904.
[6] 曾亮, 李永丽, 张云柯, 等. 逆变侧交流系统不对称故障引发HVDC系统连续换相失败的机理及抑制策略研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2019, 39(11): 3159-3167.
Zeng Liang, Li Yongli, Zhang Yunke, et al.Research on mechanism and control strategy of continuous commutation failures in HVDC system caused by asymmetrical fault in inverter-side AC system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2019, 39(11): 3159-3167.
[7] 汤奕, 郑晨一. 高压直流输电系统换相失败影响因素研究综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2019, 39(2): 499-513.
Tang Yi, Zheng Chenyi.Review on influencing factors of commutation failure in HVDC systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2019, 39(2): 499-513.
[8] Wang Qi, Zhang Chaoming, Wu Xingquan, et al.Commutation failure prediction method considering commutation voltage distortion and DC current variation[J]. IEEE Access, 2019, 7: 96531-96539.
[9] 景柳铭, 王宾, 董新洲, 等. 高压直流输电系统连续换相失败研究综述[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2019, 39(9): 116-123
Jing Liuming, Wang Bin, Dong Xinzhou, et al.Review of consecutive commutation failure research for HVDC transmission system[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2019, 39(9): 116-123.
[10] 宋金钊, 李永丽, 曾亮, 等. 高压直流输电系统换相失败研究综述[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2020, 44(22): 2-13.
Song Jinzhao, Li Yongli, Zeng Liang, et al.Review on commutation failure of HVDC transmission system[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2020, 44(22): 2-13.
[11] 王增平, 刘席洋, 郑博文, 等. 基于电压波形拟合的换相失败快速预测与抑制措施[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(7): 1454-1463.
Wang Zengping, Liu Xiyang, Zheng Bowen, et al.The research on fast prediction and suppression measures of commutation failure based on voltage waveform fitting[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(7): 1454-1463.
[12] 李培平, 周泓宇, 姚伟, 等. 多馈入结构背景下的高压直流输电系统换相失败研究综述[J]. 电网技术, 2022, 46(3): 834-850.
Li Peiping, Zhou Hongyu, Yao Wei, et al.Review of commutation failure on HVDC transmission system under background of multi-infeed structure[J]. Power System Technology, 2022, 46(3): 834-850.
[13] 许汉平, 杨炜晨, 张东寅, 等. 考虑换相失败相互影响的多馈入高压直流系统换相失败判断方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(8): 1776-1786.
Xu Hanping, Yang Weichen, Zhang Dongyin, et al.Commutation failure judgment method for multi- infeed HVDC systems considering the interaction of commutation failures[J]. Transactions of China Elec- trotechnical Society, 2020, 35(8): 1776-1786.
[14] Xiao Hao, Li Yinhong, Lan Tongkun.Sending end AC faults can cause commutation failure in LCC- HVDC inverters[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2020, 35(5): 2554-2557.
[15] Hong Lerong, Zhou Xiaoping, Xia Haitao, et al.Mechanism and prevention of commutation failure in LCC-HVDC caused by sending end AC faults[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2021, 36(1): 473-476.
[16] 刘磊, 林圣, 刘健, 等. 控制器交互不当引发后续换相失败的机理分析[J]. 电网技术, 2019, 43(10): 3562-3568.
Liu Lei, Lin Sheng, Liu Jian, et al.Mechanism analysis of subsequent commutation failures caused by improper interaction of controllers[J]. Power System Technology, 2019, 43(10): 3562-3568.
[17] 林圣, 雷雨晴, 刘健, 等. HVDC送端系统故障引发受端换相失败分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(5): 1669-1679.
Lin Sheng, Lei Yuqing, Liu Jian, et al.Analysis of receiving-side commutation failure mechanism caused by HVDC sending-side system fault[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(5): 1669-1679.
[18] 马星, 李凤婷, 尹纯亚. 整流侧换流母线电压恢复对逆变器换相的影响[J]. 电网技术, 2020, 44(8): 2950-2956.
Ma Xing, Li Fengting, Yin Chunya.Impact of voltage restoration of commutation bus on rectifier side on commutation of inverters[J]. Power System Tech- nology, 2020, 44(8): 2950-2956.
[19] 马星, 李凤婷, 尹纯亚, 等. 整流侧换流母线电压恢复导致逆变器换相失败的机理分析[J]. 电力工程技术, 2021, 40(4): 83-88.
Ma Xing, Li Fengting, Yin Chunya, et al.Mechanism analysis of inverter commutation failure caused by voltage recovery of commutation bus at rectifier side[J]. Jiangsu Electrical Engineering, 2021, 40(4): 83-88.
[20] 李至峪. 考虑电压动态过程的交直流混合系统小信号建模方法研究与应用[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学, 2021.
Li Zhiyu.Research and application of small signal modeling method for AC/DC hybrid system considering voltage variation[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2021.