Reactive Voltage Optimization Control Strategy for High Penetration Photovoltaic Distribution Network Considering IGBT Junction Temperature Constraint
Zhang Bo1, Gao Yuan1, Li Tiecheng2, Hu Xuekai2, Jia Jiaoxin1
1. Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Storage and Microgrid of Hebei Province North China Electric Power University Baoding 071003 China; 2. State Grid Hebei Electric Power Research Institute Shijiazhuang 050021 China
Abstract The participation of photovoltaic inverters in reactive voltage regulation of the distribution network is an effective method to improve the economy and reliability of photovoltaic high-permeability distribution network operation. However, the reactive power support provided by photovoltaic inverters will increase the maximum junction temperature of IGBT in photovoltaic inverters and increase the fluctuation of junction temperature, which will affect the safe and stable operation of photovoltaic inverters and distribution network. Therefore, the influence of reactive power output of photovoltaic power supply on the operation reliability and lifetime of photovoltaic inverter should be considered when reactive power and voltage control is carried out. Firstly, this paper proposes an IGBT reliability evaluation method based on CatBoost algorithm. This method uses data-driven method to calculate IGBT junction temperature, which shortens the calculation time of IGBT junction temperature and reduces the dependence of junction temperature calculation results on IGBT thermal model parameters. Secondly, the reactive power and voltage optimization control strategy of active distribution network considering IGBT junction temperature constraint is proposed. The IGBT junction temperature constraint is introduced into the reactive power and voltage optimization constraint of distribution network, and the multi-objective reactive power optimization model of active distribution network considering IGBT junction temperature constraint is established. Finally, considering the distribution network loss, IGBT reliability and lifetime, the IGBT junction temperature limit setting principle of photovoltaic power supply is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy in reactive power and voltage optimization and operation reliability improvement of PV power supply is verified by IEEE 33-bus typical distribution system. According to the reliability evaluation process of photovoltaic power supply based on mission profile, the IGBT failure rate of photovoltaic power supply in all access points is significantly reduced compared with that without junction temperature limit, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in improving the operation reliability of photovoltaic power supply. At the same time, when the IGBT junction temperature limits are 80°C, 70℃ and 60℃, the corresponding minimum lifetime of all photovoltaic power IGBTs are 8, 16 and 41 years, respectively, and the average lifetime of all photovoltaic power IGBTs are 14, 25 and 65 years, respectively. It can be seen that the junction temperature limit control can improve the minimum lifetime and average lifetime of all photovoltaic power IGBTs. Considering all access point photovoltaic power IGBT minimum lifetime and distribution network loss, in this paper, the example set 60℃ junction temperature limit, can meet the IGBT replacement cycle requirements, and can ensure that the total loss of distribution network is not high. The following conclusions can be drawn from the simulation analysis: (1) The IGBT junction temperature is calculated by data-driven method, which improves the calculation efficiency of IGBT junction temperature, reduces the dependence of junction temperature calculation results on IGBT thermal model parameters. (2) The reactive power optimization model is transformed into a second-order cone programming model by linearization and second-order cone relaxation, which improves the speed of model solution. (3) The setting principle of IGBT junction temperature limit considering the total loss of distribution network and IGBT reliability is proposed, which provides a theoretical basis for photovoltaic power supply to participate in the design of reactive voltage regulation control strategy and core parameter setting of distribution network.
Zhang Bo,Gao Yuan,Li Tiecheng等. Reactive Voltage Optimization Control Strategy for High Penetration Photovoltaic Distribution Network Considering IGBT Junction Temperature Constraint[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(5): 1313-1326.
[1] 马丽, 刘念, 张建华, 等. 自动需求响应模式下光伏用户群的优化运行模型[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2016, 36(13): 3422-3432, 3361. Ma Li, Liu Nian, Zhang Jianhua, et al.Optimal operation model of user group with photovoltaic in the mode of automatic demand response[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(13): 3422-3432, 3361. [2] 唐爱红, 翟晓辉, 卢智键, 等. 一种适用于配电网的新分布式潮流控制器拓扑[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(16): 3400-3409. Tang Aihong, Zhai Xiaohui, Lu Zhijian, et al.A novel topology of distributed power flow controller for distribution network[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(16): 3400-3409. [3] 黄堃, 刘澄, 吕潇, 等. 计及本地负荷的分布式光伏并网电压协同控制策略[J]. 电网与清洁能源, 2020, 36(11): 127-133. Huang Kun, Liu Cheng, Lü Xiao, et al.Distributed photovoltaic grid-connected voltage coordination control strategy considering local load[J]. Power System and Clean Energy, 2020, 36(11): 127-133. [4] 王雪纯, 陈红坤, 陈磊. 提升区域综合能源系统运行灵活性的多主体互动决策模型[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(11): 2207-2219. Wang Xuechun, Chen Hongkun, Chen Lei.Multi-player interactive decision-making model for operational flexibility improvement of regional integrated energy system[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(11): 2207-2219. [5] Shayani R A, de Oliveira M A G. Photovoltaic generation penetration limits in radial distribution systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2011, 26(3): 1625-1631. [6] 黄大为, 王孝泉, 于娜, 等. 计及光伏出力不确定性的配电网混合时间尺度无功/电压控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(17): 4377-4389. Huang Dawei, Wang Xiaoquan, Yu Na, et al.Hybrid timescale voltage/var control in distribution network considering PV power uncertainty[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(17): 4377-4389. [7] 吕志鹏, 罗安, 周柯, 等. 静止同步补偿器与微网在配电网无功电压协同控制中的联合运用[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2010, 30(增刊1): 18-24. Lü Zhipeng, Luo An, Zhou Ke, et al.Combined application of DSTATCOM and micro-grid in reactive power and voltage collaborative control on distribution network[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2010, 30(S1): 18-24. [8] 谭大帅, 戴彬, 郭刚, 等. 分布式光伏管控平台的设计与实现[J]. 电气技术, 2023, 24(2): 41-51. Tan Dashuai, Dai Bin, Guo Gang, et al.Design and implementation of distributed photovoltaic management and control platform[J]. Electrical Engineering, 2023, 24(2): 41-51. [9] 吕超然, 吕翔, 张文瑶. 整县屋顶光伏推进背景下的配电网技术研究[J]. 农村电气化, 2023(2): 29-34. Lü Chaoran, Lü Xiang, Zhang Wenyao.Research on distribution network technology under the background of promoting the development of roof mounted PV in the whole County[J]. Rural Electrification, 2023(2): 29-34. [10] Zhang Yongxi, Xu Yan, Yang Hongming, et al.Voltage regulation-oriented co-planning of distributed generation and battery storage in active distribution networks[J]. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2019, 105: 79-88. [11] 俞智鹏, 汤奕, 戴剑丰, 等. 基于有功自适应调整的光伏电站无功电压控制策略[J]. 电网技术, 2020, 44(5): 1900-1907. Yu Zhipeng, Tang Yi, Dai Jianfeng, et al.Voltage/var control strategy of PV plant based on adaptive adjustment of active power[J]. Power System Technology, 2020, 44(5): 1900-1907. [12] 符杨, 周晓鸣, 苏向敬. 多电压等级不平衡主动配电网电压无功自适应多目标协调优化[J]. 电网技术, 2018, 42(7): 2136-2147. Fu Yang, Zhou Xiaoming, Su Xiangjing.Adaptive and coordinated volt/var optimization for unbalanced active distribution networks of multiple voltage levels[J]. Power System Technology, 2018, 42(7): 2136-2147. [13] Zhang Cuo, Xu Yan.Hierarchically-coordinated voltage/VAR control of distribution networks using PV inverters[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2020, 11(4): 2942-2953. [14] Ding Tao, Liu Shiyu, Yuan Wei, et al.A two-stage robust reactive power optimization considering uncertain wind power integration in active distribution networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2016, 7(1): 301-311. [15] Zhang Cuo, Xu Yan, Dong Zhaoyang, et al.Three-stage robust inverter-based voltage/var control for distribution networks with high-level PV[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2019, 10(1): 782-793. [16] 刘蕊, 吴奎华, 冯亮, 等. 含高渗透率分布式光伏的主动配电网电压分区协调优化控制[J]. 太阳能学报, 2022, 43(2): 189-197. Liu Rui, Wu Kuihua, Feng Liang, et al.Voltage partition coordinated optimization control of active distribution network of high penetration distributed pvs[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2022, 43(2): 189-197. [17] Yang Yongheng, Wang Huai, Blaabjerg F.Reactive power injection strategies for single-phase photovoltaic systems considering grid requirements[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2014, 50(6): 4065-4076. [18] Gandhi O, Rodríguez-Gallegos C D, Gorla N B Y, et al. Reactive power cost from PV inverters considering inverter lifetime assessment[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2019, 10(2): 738-747. [19] Chai Qingmian, Zhang Cuo, Xu Yan, et al.PV inverter reliability-constrained volt/var control of distribution networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2021, 12(3): 1788-1800. [20] 李伟, 李晓祎, 张佳杰. 光伏逆变器可靠性现状分析[J]. 无线互联科技, 2016(4): 90-94, 97. Li Wei, Li Xiaoyi, Zhang Jiajie.Photovoltaic inverter reliability analysis of the situation[J]. Wireless Internet Technology, 2016(4): 90-94, 97. [21] Bouguerra S, Yaiche M R, Gassab O, et al.The impact of PV panel positioning and degradation on the PV inverter lifetime and reliability[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2021, 9(3): 3114-3126. [22] Bouguerra S, Agroui K, Yaiche M R, et al.The impact of PV array inclination on the PV inverter reliability and lifetime[C]//2020 IEEE 9th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC2020-ECCE Asia), Nanjing, China, 2021: 617-622. [23] Sangwongwanich A, Blaabjerg F.Reliability assessment of fault-tolerant power converters including wear-out failure[C]//2022IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Houston, TX, USA, 2022: 300-306. [24] 张榴晨, 张亚, 茆美琴. 基于任务剖面的单相Boost型功率解耦光伏逆变器寿命预测[J]. 太阳能学报, 2022, 43(7): 109-114. Zhang Liuchen, Zhang Ya, Mao Meiqin.Mission profile based lifetime prediction for single-phase boost power decoupling photovoltaic inverter[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2022, 43(7): 109-114. [25] 丁红旗, 马伏军, 徐千鸣, 等. 模块化多电平换流器子模块IGBT损耗优化控制策略[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2021, 45(17): 143-152. Ding Hongqi, Ma Fujun, Xu Qianming, et al.Loss optimization control strategy for IGBT in sub-module of modular multilevel converter[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2021, 45(17): 143-152. [26] Sangwongwanich A, Yang Yongheng, Sera D, et al.On the impacts of PV array sizing on the inverter reliability and lifetime[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2018, 54(4): 3656-3667. [27] Choi U M, Blaabjerg F, Lee K B.Study and handling methods of power IGBT module failures in power electronic converter systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2015, 30(5): 2517-2533. [28] Novak M, Sangwongwanich A, Blaabjerg F.Monte carlo-based reliability estimation methods for power devices in power electronics systems[J]. IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics, 2021, 2: 523-534. [29] da Silveira Brito E M, Cupertino A F, Pereira H A, et al. Reliability-based trade-off analysis of reactive power capability in PV inverters under different sizing ratio[J]. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2022, 136: 107677. [30] Bo Zhang, Yuan Gao.The optimal capacity ratio and power limit setting method of the PV generation system based on the IGBT reliability and PV economy[J]. Microelectronics Reliability, 2023, 148: 115145. [31] 王希平, 李志刚, 姚芳. 模块化多电平换流阀IGBT器件功率损耗计算与结温探测[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(8): 1636-1646. Wang Xiping, Li Zhigang, Yao Fang.Power loss calculation and junction temperature detection of IGBT devices for modular multilevel valve[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(8): 1636-1646. [32] 张军, 张犁, 成瑜. IGBT模块寿命评估研究综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(12): 2560-2575. Zhang Jun, Zhang Li, Cheng Yu.Review of the lifetime evaluation for the IGBT module[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(12): 2560-2575. [33] Dragičević T, Wheeler P, Blaabjerg F.Artificial intelligence aided automated design for reliability of power electronic systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2018, 34(8): 7161-7171. [34] Zhang Weixuan.Short-term load forecasting of power model based on CS-catboost algorithm[C]//2022 IEEE 10th Joint International Information Technology and Artificial Intelligence Conference (ITAIC), Chongqing, China, 2022: 2295-2299. [35] 王玉静, 王诗达, 康守强, 等. 基于改进深度森林的滚动轴承剩余寿命预测方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40(15): 5032-5043. Wang Yujing, Wang Shida, Kang Shouqiang, et al.Prediction method of remaining useful life of rolling bearings based on improved GcForest[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40(15): 5032-5043. [36] 雷万钧, 刘进军, 吕高泰, 等. 大容量电力电子装备关键器件及系统可靠性综合分析与评估方法综述[J]. 高电压技术, 2020, 46(10): 3353-3361. Lei Wanjun, Liu Jinjun, Lü Gaotai, et al.Review of reliability comprehensive analysis and evaluation methods for key components and system of large capacity power electronic equipment[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2020, 46(10): 3353-3361. [37] Musallam M, Johnson C M.An efficient implementation of the rainflow counting algorithm for life consumption estimation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Reliability, 2012, 61(4): 978-986. [38] Sangwongwanich A, Blaabjerg F.Monte Carlo simulation with incremental damage for reliability assessment of power electronics[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2021, 36(7): 7366-7371. [39] Reigosa P D, Wang Huai, Yang Yongheng, et al.Prediction of bond wire fatigue of IGBTs in a PV inverter under a long-term operation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016, 31(10): 7171-7182. [40] Zhang Bo, Gao Yuan.IGBT reliability analysis of photovoltaic inverter with reactive power output capability[J]. Microelectronics Reliability, 2023, 147: 115073. [41] 徐玉琴, 方楠. 基于分段线性化与改进二阶锥松弛的电-气互联系统多目标优化调度[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(11): 2800-2812. Xu Yuqin, Fang Nan.Multi objective optimal scheduling of integrated electricity-gas system based on piecewise linearization and improved second order cone relaxation[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(11): 2800-2812. [42] Grigg C, Wong P, Albrecht P, et al.The IEEE reliability test system-1996. a report prepared by the reliability test system task force of the application of probability methods subcommittee[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1999, 14(3): 1010-1020. [43] 杨珍贵, 周雒维, 杜雄, 等. 基于器件的结温变化评估风机中参数差异对网侧变流器可靠性的影响[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2013, 33(30): 41-49, 8. Yang Zhengui, Zhou Luowei, Du Xiong, et al.Effects of different parameters on reliability of grid-side converters based on varied junction temperature of devices in wind turbines[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(30): 41-49, 8. [44] 杜雄, 李高显, 孙鹏菊, 等. 考虑基频结温波动的风电变流器可靠性评估[J]. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30(10): 258-265. Du Xiong, Li Gaoxian, Sun Pengju, et al.Reliability evaluation of wind power converters considering the fundamental frequency junction temperature fluctuations[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(10): 258-265.
2024, Vol. 39 
