等离子体羟基化改性纳米SiO<sub>2</sub>粒子对绝缘纸绝缘特性的影响

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221827

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Abstract In the oil-immersed transformer, the cellulose insulating paper is prone to partial discharge, which makes the insulating paper easy to break down and causes security risks. Therefore, it is important to improve the insulation performance of insulating paper. At present, the primary method is to add inorganic nanoparticles to insulating paper. By doping nanoparticles with a high specific surface area and surface energy in insulating paper, charge carriers can be adsorbed to reduce the energy and thus improve the insulation characteristics of insulating paper. However, the nanoparticle is easy to agglomerate, accumulating charge carriers in the nanoparticle aggregation area, resulting in partial discharge and breakdown. The silane coupling agent is often used to improve the agglomeration of nanoparticles. One end of the silane coupling agent can be combined with the hydroxyl group (-OH) on the surface of nanoparticles through a condensation reaction. The other end of the amino group can be combined with the hydroxyl group on the surface of insulating paper through hydrogen bonding force. Thus, the dispersion of nanoparticles on the surface of insulating paper is improved. However, the hydroxyl content on the surface of inorganic nanoparticles is low. The effect of direct modification with a silane coupling agent could be better, and the activity of the silane coupling agent will decrease with time. If the number of hydroxyls on the surface of nanoparticles can be increased, the effect of the silane coupling agent can be improved.
Plasma grafting can graft corresponding functional groups on the surface of materials according to the application requirements, widely used in material surface modification. This paper uses high-frequency AC power to drive the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor to generate plasma in the humid nitrogen and oxygen mixture. The influence of the surface modification method of nano-SiO₂ particles on the dispersion of nano-SiO₂ particles and the insulation characteristics of insulating paper is studied. By grafting hydroxyl free radicals (·OH) from water molecule ionization onto the surface of nano-SiO₂ particles, nano-SiO₂ particles could be modified by hydroxylation, and more silane coupling agents could be grafted to improve the agglomeration. Accordingly, the cellulose insulating paper doped with nano-SiO₂ particles was prepared by the in-situ polymerization method. The chemical composition, morphology, functional groups, and the number of grafted hydroxyl groups on the surface of nano-SiO₂ particles before and after plasma modification were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and specific surface and porosity analyzer (BET) combined with titration. The effects of plasma treatment conditions and modification steps on the breakdown field and volume resistivity were investigated.
The results show that the content of oxygen (O) element and the hydroxyl absorption peak on the surface of nano-SiO₂ particles are significantly enhanced after plasma treatment, and the number of hydroxyl on the surface of nano-SiO₂ particles reaches the highest when the plasma modification time is 5 min and the air relative humidity is 75%. SEM observation shows that the dispersion of nano-SiO₂ particles in insulating paper is improved after plasma hydroxylation modification. When the relative humidity of air is 75% and the mass fraction of nano-SiO₂ particles is 3%, the DC breakdown field and volume resistivity of insulating paper reach the maximum. The best modification procedure is to treat nano-SiO₂ particles with plasma modification and silane coupling agent to obtain the optimal breakdown field strength and volume resistivity of insulating paper. It is confirmed that plasma hydroxylation-modified nano-SiO₂particles can improve their dispersion on the surface of insulating paper and improve the limiting effect on charge carriers.

Key words： Plasmas hydroxylation nanoparticle modification dispersion insulating papers breakdown field strength

Received: 28 September 2022

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TM211

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	Jiang Nan
	Li Zhiyang
	Peng Bangfa
	Li Jie
	Wu Yan

Cite this article:

Jiang Nan,Li Zhiyang,Peng Bangfa等. Effect of Plasmas Hydroxylation Modified Nano-SiO₂ Particles on Insulation Characteristics of Insulating Papers[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(24): 6817-6827.

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https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221827 OR https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/Y2023/V38/I24/6817

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