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| Voltage Hierarchical Cooperative Control of Coupled System Using Model Predictive Control and Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers |
| Yang Hao1, Su Wendong1, Gu Yi2, Zhang Xuan1, Guo Dongbo1, Chang Yiming2 |
1. Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control & Renewable Energy Technology Ministry of Education Northeast Electric Power University Jilin 132012 China;
2. State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Company Shenyang 110006 China |
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Abstract In the northern area of China, it’s common that a coupled system consisting of wind power and photovoltaic stations and traditional synchronous generators sends out power through the outward transportation channels. The points of common coupling (PCC) of new energy units, stations and coupled system all need to meet the voltage safety standards, which brings greater challenges to voltage control. In this paper, a hierarchical coordinated voltage structure with system layer and station layer is proposed based on the physical level characteristics of unit-station-system in the coupled system. In order to coordinate all kind of reactive power resources, a dual-mode adaptive switching voltage control strategy for network loss optimization and voltage correction based on model predictive control (MPC) and alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is established. The simulations with the modified IEEE 14 node system and the coupled system in Dalian shows the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed control strategy.
Firstly, this paper establishes a hierarchical voltage coordination control structure based on the physical level characteristics of unit-station-system in the coupled system. The structure can reduce the scale and difficulty of the voltage optimization model and protect the privacy of different operating entities. Secondly, an optimal voltage control model by using the rolling time-domain MPC algorithm is proposed to improve the robustness and reliability of the voltage control considering the strong power fluctuations of renewable energy. Next, a switching control framework is designed, which adopts a dual-mode adaptive switching control mode for network loss optimization and voltage correction considering both system security and economic factors. Finally, based on the ADMM method, the voltage control for the system-level and station-level layers are solved in a distributed way, using only voltage information interaction at the interface between the system-level and station-level layers, thereby achieving voltage hierarchical cooperative control.
The proposed voltage hierarchical cooperative control strategy compared with another two control strategies (voltage stability control strategy and decentralized voltage control strategy) is simulated in a modified IEEE 14-node coupled system and a coupled system in Dalian. The results demonstrate that with the voltage hierarchical cooperative control and voltage stability control, the voltages at different PCCs in the coupled system can be effectively controlled within a safe range. However, under decentralized voltage control, severe out-of-limit voltage problems occur at some PCCs. For the changes of the network loss, it is found that the coupled system with the proposed control has the lowest average network loss, while with the decentralized voltage control and the voltage stability control, the average network loss is greater. Based on the simulation results, it can be concluded that the proposed voltage control strategy can minimize network losses with meeting the voltage safety requirements for different PCCs in the coupled system.
The conclusions of this paper are given as follows: (1) In the designed voltage hierarchical control framework, only the voltage information of common boundary nodes needs to be exchanged between the system layer and the station layer. There is no need for communication with different stations, which can effectively meet the privacy protection between different operating entities. It has great advantages in dealing with the voltage control problem of coupled systems with information barriers. (2) The proposed MPC-ADMM method has good robustness in addressing the problems of out-of-limit voltage caused by the power fluctuations of renewable energy. The adopted distributed method decomposes the complex global voltage optimization control problem into multiple sub-optimization control problems, reducing the optimal model scale and the difficulty of solving the control problems. (3) The proposed control strategy can reliably meet the voltage safety requirements for different PCCs in the coupling system, and effectively reduce the operating network loss, which improves the voltage safety and operating economy of the coupling system, simultaneously.
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Received: 31 May 2023
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2023, Vol. 38 
