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| Bidirectional Support Capability Analysis and Adaptive Inertial Control Strategy of Wind Turbine |
| Hu Zhengyang1, Gao Bingtuan1, Zhang Lei2, Wang Wenzhuo3, Pan Shenkai1 |
1. School of Electrical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China;
2. National Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Grid-Integration China Electric Power Research Institute Nanjing 210003 China;
3. Northwest Branch of State Grid Corporation of China Xi’an 710048 China |
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Abstract Inertial response is one of the fast-transient frequency support control methods. In the latest wind farm grid-connected technical specification in China, wind farms are required to have inertial response capabilities. However, the current research on the design of inertial control parameters still needs investigation. When evaluating the kinetic energy stored in the rotor of the wind turbine, the existing literature mostly takes the difference between the current speed and the lower limit of the speed as the baseline value, which makes the speed of the wind turbine drop to the left side of the MPPT point, jeopardizing the small disturbance stability of the wind turbine. In addition, the current research mostly focuses on solving the inertial support of frequency drop events, while ignoring the problem of insufficient power reduction capacity of wind turbines with low wind speed and high wind speed. To address these issues, this paper proposes an adaptive inertial control strategy for wind turbine considering bidirectional support capability for wind power integrated power system.
Firstly, based on the typical model of power system integrated with wind power generation, the frequency dynamic response characteristics of the system with different wind power penetrations, control parameters and disturbances were analyzed. Secondly, considering the relationship curves of wind power output and rotor speed, the inertial support capability of wind turbines to frequency rise and drop events was analyzed quantitatively. Thirdly, the adaptive inertial control strategy of wind power generation was proposed.An adaptive inertia coefficient with upper and lower limits, left and right symmetry and adjustable sensitivity to the rate of change of frequency was designed. The upper limit was determined by the inertial support capability evaluation using the Newton-Raphson method, the lower limit was set based on the Chinese national standard, and the sensitivity coefficient was designed according to the inertial support requirement of power system. Finally, the small-signal stability of the control system was analyzed according to the eigenvalue loci.
The simulation results show that the proposed adaptive inertial control strategy can reduce the inertia coefficient at low wind speed to ensure that the wind turbine operates within the safe speed range. It can provide strong inertial support with high wind speed and large disturbance, and the frequency drop depth is smaller than the existing typical control strategies. Besides, the proposed adaptive inertia control strategy can ensure that the wind turbine operates within a safe rotor speed range based on the steady-state condition of deloading and can adaptively adjust the inertia coefficient with the increase of the wind power penetration to match the wind power inertial support capability and power system inertial support requirements.
Through this investigation, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) Through quantitatively analyzing the kinetic energy absorption/release capacity of the wind turbine, it is indicated that the kinetic energy absorption/release capacity of the wind turbine at medium wind speed is stronger than that at other wind speed ranges, and the wind turbine cannot absorb kinetic energy at high wind speed. (2) Provided that the power regulation range of the wind turbine for frequency rise/drop events is the same, the inertial supportcapability of the wind turbine for frequency drop is stronger than that for frequency rise events in the middle and high wind speed ranges. (3) Simulation results show that compared with the existing typical strategies, the proposed strategy can improve the frequency characteristics of scenarios with low and high wind speed.
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Received: 25 June 2023
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2023, Vol. 38 
