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| Calculation of Economics of Power-to-Gas Capacity for Wind Farms/Clusters with Peak Regulation Auxiliary Service Response |
| Kong Lingguo1, Chen Yuehan1, Wan Yanming2, Wang Xiaochen3, Han Zijiao4, Liu Chuang1, Cai Guowei1 |
1. Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control & Renewable Energy Technology Northeast Electric Power University Jilin 132012 China;
2. China Hydrogen Alliance Research Institute Co. Ltd Beijing 100007 China;
3. State Grid Energy Research Institute Company Beijing 102200 China;
4. State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Company Shenyang 110006 China |
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Abstract With the proposal of carbon peak, neutrality targets, and the orderly promotion of power system reform, the problem of poor dynamic regulation of the grid and the large-scale renewable energy grid connection and consumption issues are becoming increasingly significant. The grid-connected operation of renewable energy coupled with power-to-gas facility helps to promote the safe, reliable, and cost-effective connection of a high proportion of renewable energy generation to the grid. It becomes one of the effective solutions for the friendly coordination of large-scale renewable energy with the grid and the maximization of grid-connected consumption. However, the high energy and investment costs of power-to-gas facilities require higher economic rationality of capacity configuration. Therefore, optimizing the capacity of power-to-gas facilities to maximize the consumption of renewable energy and improve the flexibility of the grid while enabling large-scale economic use of hydrogen is an urgent issue to be addressed. This paper proposes a method for calculating the power-to-gas capacity of a hybrid energy system combining wind farms/clusters with a power-to-gas facility. Considering the peak regulation auxiliary services, the optimal power-to-gas capacity of each wind farm and the whole province can be obtained by analyzing 49 wind farms in Jilin province.
Firstly, the topology of the hybrid energy system combining the wind farms/clusters with a power-to-gas facility was established, and a market profit model for the system to participate in the peak regulation auxiliary service of the grid was proposed. Secondly, an economic optimization model of the hydrogen production capacity was constructed to maximize the net present value, taking into account the effect of the size of a power-to-gas facility. Finally, using Matlab to solve the model, the capacity factor of the power-to-gas facility relative to the wind farm and the corresponding net present value with different peak regulation subsidy prices were calculated, and the results of the optimal power-to-gas capacity of each wind farm and the whole province were obtained.
The results show that: (1) By analyzing 49 wind farms in Jilin Province, we can obtain the break-even subsidy price for peak regulation for each wind farm and the whole province, and the optimal power-to-gas capacity under the corresponding break-even price. In Jilin Province, when the subsidy price of peak regulation is higher than RMB 0.37/(kW·h), the economics of participating in peak regulation auxiliary service is better. (2) The peak regulation results show that the proposed method can reduce the wind curtailment rate and improve the economy of the system. (3) According to the sensitivity analysis, the importance of each factor was ranked as follows: hydrogen price, electrolyzer conversion rate, electricity price for hydrogen production, initial investment cost of power-to-gas system, and equipment degradation rate. When the electricity price for hydrogen production decreases by 3% annually, the electrolyzer conversion rate increases by 2% annually. The initial investment cost of the power-to-gas system changes according to its empirical formula, and the break-even price of hydrogen in 2 050 is expected to be 53.64% to 58.68%, lower than the current one for different peak regulation subsidy prices, with a minimum of RMB 21.3/kg. (4) The participation of hydrogen production in the peak regulation ancillary services market is currently profitable. However, the following aspects need to be considered to realize the large-scale economic utilization of hydrogen. (1) Improve electrolyzer conversion rate. Rational design electrolyzer geometry, research and develop cathode and anode materials with high catalytic performance and stability. (2) Reduce the electricity price for hydrogen production. Explore supportive policies for hydrogen production from renewable energy and improve the price mechanism for hydrogen to participate in electricity market transactions.
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Received: 28 September 2022
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2023, Vol. 38 
