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| Diagnosis of Inter-Turn Short-Circuit Fault for Five-Phase Permanent Magnet Machine Based on Fault-Tolerant Tooth Flux |
| Huang Jian1, Yin Zuosheng1, Wang Tianyi1, Song Zhiyi1, Sui Yi2 |
1. Beijing Institute of Automatic Control Equipment Beijing 100074 China;
2. School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China |
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Abstract Inter-turn short-circuit fault is a common machine winding fault with great harm and easy- diffusion characteristics. The fast inter-turn short-circuit fault diagnosis is necessary to avoid further fatal failure, which is a research focus for the multi-phase fault-tolerant permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM). The existing short-circuit fault diagnosis methods based on high-frequency signal injection, current harmonic component extraction, zero-sequence voltage monitoring, and detection coil are mostly bound with fast Fourier transform (FFT). The dependence on FFT brings problems of increased computation, longer diagnosis time, and sensitivity to operating conditions. It is hard to achieve the balance of diagnosis speed, accuracy, and simplicity. Therefore, an inter-turn short-circuit fault diagnosis method based on fault-tolerant tooth flux is proposed for a five-phase PMSM. The proposed method is independent of FFT, load, and machine speed, which has the advantages of high accuracy, fast speed, simple process, and robustness.
Firstly, the stator magnetic circuit model of the five-phase PMSM is established, and the influence of inter-turn short-circuit fault on the flux of winding and fault-tolerant teeth is given. Secondly, variations of the induced electromotive force (EMF) of different arranged detection coils with the operating state of the machine are investigated. The fault identification ability, sensitivity and complexity of each winding scheme are comprehensively evaluated. Thirdly, the fault identification and locating method by fault sign αi is presented for the fault diagnosis based on the fault-tolerant tooth flux. Finally, the influence law of slot-opening width and fault-tolerant tooth length on fault sensitivity and machine performances is further analyzed, and the size selection method is given. There is flux in the fault-tolerant teeth between in-phase coils only when the inter-turn short-circuit fault occurs in the phase. Compared with other arranging schemes, the fault detection coils arranged on the fault-tolerant tooth can distinguish the normal condition, open-circuit fault, and short-circuit fault explicitly, which is adopted for fault diagnosis. The decreased induced EMF amplitude in a specific detection coil indicates an inter-turn short-circuit fault. The fault sign αi is introduced as the ratio of detection coil-induced EMF amplitude to the reference value to characterize the decreasing detection coil induced EMF in the fault phase. When the inter-turn short-circuit fault occurs to the machine, αi value of the fault phase is significantly reduced, αi values of the remaining healthy phases are close to 1. According to this feature, faults can be accurately identified and located. With the increase of slot-opening width b01, the sensitivities to small and large turn short-circuit faults are lower and higher, respectively. The fault diagnosis is more complex with the decrease of fault-tolerant tooth length Lt. With additional consideration of machine performances, values of b01 and Lt are chosen as 1.5 mm and 19.5 mm, respectively.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the analytical and simulation analysis: (1) The flux in the fault-tolerant teeth between in-phase coils appears only when the inter-turn short-circuit fault occurs, which is a key characteristic for fault diagnosis. (2) An inter-turn short-circuit fault diagnosis method based on fault-tolerant tooth flux is proposed, with independent detection coils in each fault-tolerant tooth. (3) When the inter-turn short-circuit fault occurs, the fault sign αi value of the fault phase is significantly reduced, and αi values of the remaining healthy phases are close to 1, which can indicate fault appearance and fault position. (4) The proposed method is independent of FFT, load, and machine speed, with the advantages of high accuracy, fast speed, simple process, and robustness. (5) To balance the sensitivities of small and large turn short-circuit fault diagnosis and machine performances, slot-opening width b01 should not be too large or too small, and a short tooth design is not recommended.
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Received: 19 July 2022
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2023, Vol. 38 
