地磁暴影响下特高压交流电网电压稳定性量化评估方法

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Abstract

Geomagnetic storm is a low probability and high risk natural disaster that threatens the security of power grid. During a geomagnetic storm, an induced electric field is generated on the ground surface. Under its action, geomagnetic induced currents will be generated in the circuit formed by the transmission line, the earth and the neutral point of the transformer. When GIC flows through the transformer, it will cause saturation of the core and consume a large amount of reactive power. This increase in reactive power loss(GIC-Q) is linear with GIC flowing through the neutral point of the transformer, which is usually calculated by the k-value method. GIC-Q will cause voltage fluctuation of the power grid. With the expansion of the scale of UHV AC power grid in China, geomagnetic storms are increasingly threatening the voltage stability of UHV AC power grid. In order to accurately evaluate the impact of geomagnetic storms on voltage stability of power systems, this paper establishes an analysis model applicable to the influence of reactive power disturbances derived during geomagnetic storms on voltage stability. Through equivalent transformation of lines, it is suitable for the analysis of voltage stability of multi input line nodes in multi voltage level power networks.
Then, the voltage instability index L_GIC is proposed through the voltage stability analysis model, which avoids the problems of difficult to accurately select the step size and complex calculation when calculating the voltage collapse point by the conventional continuous power flow method, and makes it easy to determine the weak point of voltage stability and the load margin when the power grid is attacked by geomagnetic storms.This index can indicate the distance between the current operating point and the voltage collapse point during land acquisition magnetic storm. The closer the L_GIC is to 1, the closer the node operating point is to the voltage collapse point. This index has the advantages of less information, simple calculation, clear physical meaning and easy realization.
To quantitatively evaluate the impact of geomagnetic storms on the voltage stability of the grid, first calculate the GIC value of each substation transformer based on the amplitude of the ground induced electric field when the geomagnetic storm occurs, and then substitute the calculated GIC value and electrical parameters into the GIC-Q voltage stability analysis model of the node. From the given operating state of the grid, the PV curve expression is obtained by mathematical theory analysis and the voltage collapse point is calculated. For UHV grid, the active load margin from the current operating point to the voltage collapse point reflects the capacity of the current grid to withstand load and fault disturbance and maintain voltage stability, and can be used as an index to judge the voltage stability to a certain extent. Since voltage collapse occurs at the node with the weakest voltage stability and then spreads to the whole grid, it is necessary to develop voltage instability indicators to measure the sensitivity of each node to geomagnetic storms, so as to quickly screen out weak points of voltage stability, give warning signals, and take pre disaster preventive measures to avoid large-scale power outages caused by voltage collapse.In order to prevent voltage drop or even voltage collapse caused by geomagnetic storm, it is necessary to take measures at the weak point of voltage to reduce the L_GIC of this node. On the one hand, the load active power and equivalent line length at this point can be changed by transferring load and increasing the number of parallel UHV lines to reduce the L_GIC value. On the other hand, measures such as capacitor isolation and resistance isolation at the neutral point of the transformer can be taken to adjust the GIC flow path to reduce the impact of geomagnetic storms on voltage stability, but this method needs to consider the increase of L_GIC value in other substations caused by the change of GIC flow path.

Key words： geomagnetic storm voltage stability load margin evaluation indicators reactive power disturbance

Received: 20 July 2022

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TM712

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	Xin Wenkai
	Wang Zezhong
	Liu Chunming
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Cite this article:

Xin Wenkai,Wang Zezhong,Liu Chunming等. Quantitative Evaluation Method of Voltage Stability of UHV AC power Network Under Geomagnetic Storm[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 230617-230617.

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https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/ OR https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/Y0/V/I/230617

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