Output Voltage Model and Characteristic Analysis of Magnetostrictive Displacement Sensor For Wide Operating Temperature
Li Haiyi1,2, Li Mingming1,2, Liu Yanan1,2, Weng Ling1,2, Huang Wenmei1,2
1. State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China; 2. KeyLaboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
Abstract Magnetostrictive displacement sensor uses the Wiedemann effect of magnetostrictive wire or strip to realize absolute displacement measurement, which has the advantages of high measurement accuracy, strong anti-interference ability, and long service life.With the development of energy, electric power, aerospace, and other fields, there is an urgent need for displacement sensors that can work stably at high temperatures. However, when the working environment temperature of magnetostrictive displacement sensors is higher than room temperature, there are problems such as weakened output voltage, increased signal attenuation, and decreased measurement accuracy, which limit their high-temperature applications. To expand the application range of magnetostrictive displacement sensors at high temperatures and variable temperatures, this paper studies the output characteristics of magnetostrictive displacement sensors in wideoperating temperatures by increasing the output voltage of the sensor to eliminate the adverse effects of signal weakening and noise interference caused by temperature rise.In this work, Fe82Ga13.5Al4.5, and (Fe83Ga17)99.4B0.6 magnetostrictive wireswere successfully prepared and all of their Curie temperatures are above 500℃, which could increase the working temperature of sensors. The output voltage model of the sensor under non-isothermal conditions was established based on Boltzmann statistics, the magneto-elastic coupling effect, and Debye model. The theoretical model shows that, with the increase in temperature, the magnetization and Young's modulus of magnetostrictive material decrease, the force-magnetic coupling characteristics change, and the output voltage of the sensor decreases. A temperature-variable platform with adjustable pulse current and axial bias magnetic field was setuptoverifythemodel’saccuracyby (Fe83Ga17)99.4B0.6 and Fe82Ga13.5Al4.5 wires with a diameter of 0.8mm. The optimal parameters of excitation pulse current and bias magnetic field of the two kinds of wires are (i) (Fe83Ga17)99.4B0.6 at 21.3kA/m and 24.6A; (ii) Fe82Ga13.5Al4.5 at 16.7kA/m and 18.8A. At 20~350℃, the maximum output voltage of (Fe83Ga17)99.4B0.6 is 577.63mV, and the maximum output voltage of Fe82Ga13.5Al4.5 is 419.56mV. The results show that the maximum output amplitude can be obtained when the excitation magnetic field is equal to the bias magnetic field at different temperatures. According to the optimal excitation parameters of (Fe83Ga17)99.4B0.6 waveguide wire, the hardware circuit and the structure of the moving position magnet are designed. A wideoperatingtemperatureprototype was made and tested on a high-temperature platform.At 20℃, the maximum output voltage was 595.32mV, and the SNR was 13.74dB. At 500℃, the output voltage is 254.67mV and the signal-to-noise ratio is 6.11dB. The nonlinearity error of the sensor with increasing temperature is ±1.3mm. The experimental results show that the magnetostrictive displacement sensor has a wide operating temperature range, good output characteristics, high signal-to-noise ratio, and small measurement error, and can be applied to monitor position information in high temperature and variable temperature environments.The results can provide theoretical guidance for the design optimization of magnetostrictive displacement sensors working in wide operating temperatures.
Li Haiyi,Li Mingming,Liu Yanan等. Output Voltage Model and Characteristic Analysis of Magnetostrictive Displacement Sensor For Wide Operating Temperature[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 75-75.
[1] Guang, Hu,. Review on sensors to measure control rod position for nuclear reactor[J]. Annals of Nuclear Energy, 2020, 144: 107485. [2] Ji Yaohui, Tan Qiulin, Wang Haixing, et al.A novel surface LC wireless passive temperature sensor applied in ultra-high temperature measurement[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2019, 19(1): 105-112. [3] Yasoveev V K, Shmelev A A.Implementation methods of self-calibration in intelligent magnetostrictive transformers of linear displacements[C]//2017 2nd International Ural Conference on Measurements (UralCon), Chelyabinsk, Russia, 2017: 39-46. [4] Zhang Shuo, Geng Tao, Wang Shengjia, et al.High-sensitivity strain and temperature simultaneous measurement sensor based on multimode fiber chirped long-period grating[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2020, 20(24): 14843-14849. [5] Salach J, Charubin T, Nowak P, et al.Influence of temperature on magnetostrictive delay line properties[J]. Acta Physica Polonica A, 2017, 131(4): 1183-1185. [6] Periyannan S, Balasubramaniam K.Simultaneous moduli measurement of elastic materials at elevated temperatures using an ultrasonic waveguide method[J]. The Review of Scientific Instruments, 2015, 86(11): 114903. [7] Hristoforou E, Hauser H, Ktena A.Modeling of magnetostriction in amorphous delay lines[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2003, 93(10): 8633-8635. [8] Hristoforou E.New position sensor based on the magnetostrictive delay line principle[J]. Sensor Letters, 2009, 7(3): 303-309. [9] Affanni A, Guerra A, Dallagiovanna L, et al.Design and characterization of magnetostrictive linear displacement sensors[C]//Proceedings of the 21st IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37510), Como, Italy, 2004: 206-209. [10] Zhang Yongjie, Liu Weiwen, Zhang Haibo, et al.Design and analysis of a differential waveguide structure to improve magnetostrictive linear position sensors[J]. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2011, 11(5): 5508-5519. [11] Deng Chao, Kang Yihua, Li Erlong, et al. A new model of the signal generation mechanism on magnetostrictive position sensor[J]. Measurement, 2014, 47: 591-597. [12] Zhou Xinzhi, Yu Chao, Tang Zhenyu, et al.Wiedemann effect in Fe83 Ga17 alloys for magnetostrictive sensors[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2014, 14(1): 249-257. [13] Zhang Luyu, Wang Bowen, Yin Xiaowen, et al.The output characteristics of galfenol magnetostrictive displacement sensor under the helical magnetic field and stress[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2016, 52(7): 1-4. [14] 张露予, 王博文, 翁玲, 等. 螺旋磁场作用下磁致伸缩位移传感器的输出电压模型及实验[J]. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30(12): 21-26. Zhang Luyu, Wang Bowen, Weng Ling, et al.The output voltage model of magnetostrictive displacement sensor in helical magnetic fields and its experimental study[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(12): 21-26. [15] 王博文, 张露予, 王鹏, 等. 磁致伸缩位移传感器检测信号分析[J]. 光学精密工程, 2016, 24(2): 358-364. Wang Bowen, Zhang Luyu, Wang Peng, et al.Analysis of detection signal for magnetostrictive displacement sensor[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering, 2016, 24(2): 358-364. [16] Wang Bowen, Li Yuanyuan, Xie Xinliang, et al.The output voltage model and experiment of magnetostrictive displacement sensor based on Weidemann effect[J]. AIP Advances, 2017, 8(5): 056611. [17] 李媛媛, 王博文, 黄文美, 等. 考虑应力波衰减特性的磁致伸缩位移传感器的输出特性与实验[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2018, 39(7): 34-41. Li Yuanyuan, Wang Bowen, Huang Wenmei, et al.Output characteristics and experiments of magnetostrictive displacement sensor considering the attenuation characteristic of stress wave[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2018, 39(7): 34-41. [18] 李梦星, 张艳丽, 姜伟, 等. 机械应力下电工钢片磁滞与磁致伸缩回环滞后特性模拟[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(11): 2698-2706. Li Mengxing, Zhang Yanli, Jiang Wei, et al.Simulation of hysteresis and magnetostrictive loop hysteretic characteristics of electrical steel sheets under mechanical stress[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(11): 2698-2706. [19] 张智贺, 杨鑫, 陈钰凯. 稀土超磁致伸缩换能器等效热网络建模研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(14): 3464-3474, 3565. Zhang Zhihe, Yang Xin, Chen Yukai.Research on equivalent thermal network modeling for rare-earth giant magnetostrictive transducer[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(14): 3464-3474, 3565. [20] 黄文美, 夏志玉, 郭萍萍, 等. 变温条件下TbDyFe合金高频磁特性和损耗特性分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(1): 133-140. Huang Wenmei, Xia Zhiyu, Guo Pingping, et al.Analysis of high frequency magnetic properties and loss characteristics of TbDyFe alloy under variable temperature[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(1): 133-140. [21] Zheng Xiaojing, Liu Xinen.A nonlinear constitutive model for Terfenol-D rods[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2005, 97(5): 053901. [22] Lee E W.Magnetostriction and magnetomechanical effects[J]. Reports on Progress in Physics, 1955, 18(1): 184-229. [23] 谢新良, 王博文, 周露露, 等. 磁致伸缩位移传感器波导丝扭转超声波衰减特性研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2018, 33(3): 689-696. Xie Xinliang, Wang Bowen, Zhou Lulu, et al.Research on torsional ultrasonic attenuation characteristics of the magnetostrictive displacement sensor waveguide[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33(3): 689-696. [24] 李媛媛, 王博文, 黄文美, 等. 扭转力作用下Fe-Ga磁致伸缩位移传感器的输出特性[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(21): 4409-4418. Li Yuanyuan, Wang Bowen, Huang Wenmei, et al.Output characteristics of Fe-Ga magnetostrictive displacement sensor under torsional stress[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(21): 4409-4418. [25] Lakkad S C.Temperature dependence of the elastic constants[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1971, 42(11): 4277-4281. [26] Li Jiheng, Li Mingming, Mu Xing, et al.Temperature and magnetic field dependencies of the Young’s modulus in magnetostrictive Fe-Ga alloys[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2018, 123(7): 075102. [27] 李劲松, 梁振宗, 孙英伦, 等. 闭合Fe-Si结构中磁致伸缩引起的机械共振研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(6): 1321-1328. Li Jinsong, Liang Zhenzong, Sun Yinglun, et al.Study of mechanical resonance induced by magnetostriction in closed structures based on Fe-Si[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(6): 1321-1328. [28] 刘美, 纽春萍, 姬忠校, 等. 基于变分模态分解的光纤电流传感器小波去噪方法[J]. 电气技术, 2021, 22(4): 7-11. Liu Mei, Niu Chunping, Ji Zhongxiao, et al.Wavelet de-noising method of all-fiber optical current transformer based on variational mode decomposition[J]. Electrical Engineering, 2021, 22(4): 7-11. [29] 钟思翀, 祝丽花, 王前超, 等. 电力变压器振动噪声分析及其有源降噪[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(增刊1): 11-21. Zhong Sichong, Zhu Lihua, Wang Qianchao, et al.Electromagnetic vibration of power transformer and active noise reduction[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(S1): 11-21.
