|
|
|
| Characteristics Analysis and Parameters Design of High Frequency Inverters in Magnetic Coupling Resonance Wireless Power Transfer System |
| Han Chong, Zhang Bo |
| School of Electric Power South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Magnetic Coupling Resonance Wireless Power Transfer (MCR-WPT) technique has advantages of wide transfer distance, high efficiency, high power, etc. Therefore it has been extensively study by researchers around the world. However MCR-WPT technique requires high frequency AC source from 20 kHz to 20 MHz,proposing a challenge to the selection and the design of high frequency inverters. In order to provide guidance and technical support for the development of MCR-WPT technique, this paper first analyzes the difficulty of inverters design according to the characteristic of MCR-WPT system. Then the operating characteristics of high frequency inverters frequently-used in MCR-WPT system is summarized. At the same time, their control technique is discussed. And finally the method of parameters design and components selection for high frequency inverters is proposed.
|
|
Received: 27 November 2017
Published: 12 November 2018
|
|
|
|
|
|
[1] Kurs A, Karalis A, Moffatt R, et al.Wireless power transfer via strongly coupled magnetic resonances[J]. Science, 2007, 317(5834): 83.
[2] Li Zhenjie, Zhu Chunbo, Jiang Jinhai, et al.A 3-kW wireless power transfer system for sightseeing car supercapacitor charge[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2017, 32(5): 3301-3316.
[3] Kim J H, Lee B S, Lee J H, et al.Development of 1-MW inductive power transfer system for a high-speed train[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2015, 62(10): 6242-6250.
[4] Pinuela M, Yates D C, Lucyszyn S, et al.Maximizing DC-to-load efficiency for inductive power transfer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2012, 28(5): 2437-2447.
[5] Ahn D, Mercier P P.Wireless power transfer with concurrent 200-kHz and 6.78-MHz operation in a single-transmitter device[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016, 31(7): 5018-5029.
[6] Choi J, Tsukiyama D, Tsuruda Y, et al.13.56 MHz 1.3 kW resonant converter with GaN FET for wireless power transfer[C]//Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC), Boulder, 2015: 1-4.
[7] 田子建, 杜欣欣, 樊京, 等. 磁耦合谐振无线输电系统不同拓扑结构的分析[J]. 电气工程学报, 2015, 10(6): 47-57.
Tian Zijian, Du Xinxin, Fan Jing, et al.Analysis on different topology structures in magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission system[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2015, 10(6): 47-57.
[8] 胡宏晟, 蔡涛, 段善旭, 等. 用于WPT系统的一次侧失谐SS型补偿拓扑及其参数设计方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2017, 32(18): 73-82.
Hu Hongsheng, Cai Tao, Duan Shanxu, et al.Study of the primary side detuned series-series compensated topology and parameter design for WPT system[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(18): 73-82.
[9] 李琳, 李然. 双频段磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输系统特性分析及实验验证[J]. 电工技术学报, 2017, 32(18): 90-97.
Li Lin, Li Ran.Analysis and experimental verification of dual-band wireless power transfer system via magnetic resonant coupling[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(18): 90-97.
[10] 刘闯, 郭赢, 葛树昆, 等. 具备恒压特性的SP/S感应式无线电能传输系统[J]. 电工技术学报, 2016, 31(13): 149-154.
Liu Chuang, Guo Ying, Ge Shukun, et al.The SP/S inductive power transfer system with constant voltage caracteristics[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2016, 31(13): 149-154.
[11] Zheng Cong, Ma Hongbo, Lai J S, et al.Design considerations to reduce gap variation and misalignment effects for the inductive power transfer system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2015, 30(11): 6108-6119.
[12] Jolani F, Yu Yiqiang, Chen Zhizhang.A planar magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer system using printed spiral coils[J]. IEEE Antennas & Wireless Propagation Letters, 2014, 13(1): 1648-1651.
[13] 黄晓生, 陈为. 线圈高频损耗解析算法改进及在无线电能传输磁系统设计的应用[J]. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30(8): 62-70.
Huang Xiaosheng, Chen Wei.Improved analytical calculation model of high-frequency coil losses and its usage in wpt magnetic system[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(8): 62-70.
[14] Waters B H, Mahoney B J, Lee G, et al.Optimal coil size ratios for wireless power transfer applications[C]// IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), Melbourne, 2014: 2045-2048.
[15] 宋凯, 李振杰, 杜志江, 等. 变负载无线充电系统的恒流充电技术[J]. 电工技术学报, 2017, 32(13): 130-136.
Song Kai, Li Zhenjie, Du Zhijiang, et al.Constant current charging technology for variable load wireless charging system[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(13): 130-136.
[16] Koh K E, Beh T C, Imura T, et al.Impedance matching and power division using impedance inverter for wireless power transfer via magnetic resonant coupling[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2014, 50(3): 2061-2070.
[17] Ahn D, Kim S, Moon J, et al.Wireless power transfer with automatic feedback control of load resistance transformation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016, 31(11): 7876-7886.
[18] Huang Y, Shinohara N, Mitani T.Impedance matching in wireless power transfer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2017, 65(2): 582-590.
[19] Li Hongchang, Li Jie, Wang Kangping, et al.A maximum efficiency point tracking control scheme for wireless power transfer systems using magnetic resonant coupling[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2015, 30(7): 3998-4008.
[20] Fu Minfan, Ma Chengbin, Zhu Xinen.A cascaded boost-buck converter for high-efficiency wireless power transfer systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2014, 10(3): 1972-1980.
[21] Berger A, Agostinelli M, Vesti S, et al.A wireless charging system applying phase-shift and amplitude control to maximize efficiency and extractable power[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2015, 30(11): 6338-6348.
[22] Kazimierczuk M K.RF power amplifier[M]. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell(an imprint of John Wiley & Sons Ltd), 2014.
[23] Kan Tianze, Mai Ruikun, Mercier P P, et al.Design and analysis of a three-phase wireless charging system for lightweight autonomous underwater vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2018, 33(8): 6622-6632.
[24] Zhang Jiantao, Zhu Chunbo, Chan C C.A wireless power charging method for automated guided vehicle[C]//Electric Vehicle Conference, Florence, 2015:1-5.
[25] Zhao Chongwen, Costinett D.GaN-based, dual-mode wireless power transfer using multi-frequency programmed pulse width modulation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2017, 64(11): 9165-9176.
[26] Li Siqi, Mi C C.Wireless power transfer for electric vehicle applications[J]. IEEE Journal of emerging & Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2015, 3(1): 4-17.
[27] Fujita T, Yasuda T, Akagi H.A dynamic wireless power transfer system applicable to a stationary system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2017, 53(4): 3748-3757.
[28] Feng Hao, Cai Tao, Duan Shanxu, et al.An LCC-compensated resonant converter optimized for robust reaction to large coupling variation in dynamic wireless power transfer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2016, 63(10): 6591-6601.
[29] Shijo T, Ogawa K, Suzuki M, et al.EMI reduction technology in 85 kHz band 44 kW wireless power transfer system for rapid contactless charging of electric bus[C]//2016 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Milwaukee, 2016:1-6.
[30] Li Xing, Tsui C Y, Ki W H.A 13.56MHz wireless power transfer system with reconfigurable resonant regulating rectifier and wireless power control for implantable medical devices[J]. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2015, 50(4): 978-989.
[31] Cai A, Siek L.A 2kW, 95% efficiency inductive power transfer system using gallium nitride gate injection transistors[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging & Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2017, 5(1): 458-468.
[32] Yeo T D, Kwon D S, Khang S T, et al.Design of maximum efficiency tracking control scheme for closed-loop wireless power charging system employing series resonant tank[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016, 32(1): 471-478.
[33] Florian C, Mastri F, Paganelli R P, et al.Theoretical and numerical design of a wireless power transmission link with GaN-based transmitter and adaptive receiver[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques, 2014, 62(4): 931-946.
[34] Li Hongchang, Wang Kangping, Huang Lang, et al.Dynamic modeling based on coupled modes for wireless power transfer systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2015, 30(11): 6245-6253.
[35] Samanta S, Rathore A K.Wireless power transfer technology using full-bridge current-fed topology for medium power applications[J]. IET Power Electronics, 2016, 9(9): 1903-1913.
[36] Samanta S, Rathore A K, Sahoo S K.Concept study and feasibility analysis of current-fed power electronics for wireless power transfer system[C]//2016 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy System (PEDES), Trivandrum, 2016: 1-6.
[37] Rathore A K, Samanta S, Thrimawithana D J.Analysis and design of current-fed half-bridge (C)(LC)-(LC) resonant topology for inductive wireless power transfer application[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2017, 53(4): 3917-3926.
[38] Kwon Y, Ahn D.Self-oscillating current-fed inverter with low switching loss for wireless power transfer[J]. Electronics Letters, 2017, 53(14): 949-951.
[39] Samanta S, Rathore A K.A new current-fed CLC transmitter and LC receiver topology for inductive wireless power transfer application: analysis, design, and experimental results[J]. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 2016, 1(4): 357-368.
[40] Samanta S, Rathore A K, Thrimawithana D J.Bidirectional current-fed half-bridge (C)(LC)-(LC) configuration for inductive wireless power transfer system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2017, 53(4): 4053-4062.
[41] Xin Zan, Avestruz A T.Wireless power transfer for implantable medical devices using piecewise resonance to achieve high peak-to-average power ratio[C]// 2017 IEEE 18th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL), Stanford, 2017: 1-8.
[42] Ahn D, Hong S.Wireless power transmission with self-regulated output voltage for biomedical implant[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2013, 61(5): 2225-2235.
[43] Wang Zhenya, Wang Xuemei, Zhang Bo.A magnetic coupled resonance WPT system design method of double-end impedance converter networks with Class-E amplifier[C]//41st Annual Conference of the IEEE-Industrial-Electronics-Society (IECON), Yokohama, 2015: 003093-003098.
[44] Liu Hao, Shao Qi, Fang Xuelin.Modeling and optimization of class-e amplifier at subnominal condition in a wireless power transfer system for biomedical implants[J]. IEEE Transactions Biomed Circuits System, 2017, 11(1): 35-43.
[45] Chen Peng, He Songbai.Analysis of inverse class-E power amplifier at subnominal condition with 50% duty ratio[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs, 2015, 62(4): 342-346.
[46] Liu Ming, Liu Shuangke, Ma Chengbin.A high-efficiency/output power and low-noise megahertz wireless power transfer system over a wide range of mutual inductance[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2017, 65(11): 4317-4325.
[47] Raab F H.Idealized operation of the class E tuned power amplifier[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems, 1977, 24(12): 725-735.
[48] Aldhaher S, Luk C K, Whidborne J F.Electronic tuning of misaligned coils in wireless power transfer systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2014, 29(11): 5975-5982.
[49] Aldhaher S, Luk C K, Whidborne J F.Tuning class E inverters applied in inductive links using saturable reactors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2014, 29(6): 2969-2978.
[50] Ji Li, Song Yuyu, Wang Lifang, et al.A novel control strategy for wireless charging in electric vehicle based on class E amplifier[C]//IEEE-PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies—Wireless Power Transfer (WoW), Chongqing, 2017: 1-4.
[51] Lim Y, Tang H, Lim S, et al.An adaptive impedance-matching network based on a novel capacitor matrix for wireless power transfer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2014, 29(8): 4403-4413.
[52] Liu Shuangke, Liu Ming, Yang Songnan, et al.A novel design methodology for high-efficiency current-mode and voltage-mode class-E power amplifiers in wireless power transfer systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2017, 32(6): 4514-4523.
[53] Fu Minfan, Yin He, Liu Ming, et al.Loading and power control for a high-efficiency class E PA-driven megahertz WPT system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2016, 63(11): 6867-6876.
[54] Aldhaher S, Yates D C, Mitcheson P D.Design and development of a class EF2 inverter and rectifier for multimegahertz wireless power transfer systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016, 31(12): 8138-8150.
[55] Aldhaher S, Mitcheson P D, Yates D C.Load-independent class EF inverters for inductive wireless power transfer[C]//2016 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC), Aveiro, 2016: 1-4.
[56] Aldhaher S, Kkelis G, Yates D C, et al.Class EF2 inverters for wireless power transfer applications[C]// 2015 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC), Boulder, 2015:1-4.
[57] Choi J, Tsukiyama D, Rivas J.Evaluation of a 900 V SiC MOSFET in a 13.56 MHz 2 kW resonant inverter for wireless power transfer[C]//2016 IEEE 17th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL), Trondheim, 2016: 1-6.
[58] Sugino M, Masamura T.The wireless power transfer systems using the class E push-pull inverter for industrial robots[C]//2017 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC), Taipei, 2017:1-3.
[59] Yates D C, Aldhaher S, Mitcheson P D.Design of 3 MHz DC/AC inverter with resonant gate drive for a 3.3 kW EV WPT system[C]//2016 IEEE 2nd Annual Southern Power Electronics Conference (SPEC), Auckland, 2016: 1-4.
[60] Mousavian H, Abnavi S, Bakhshai A, et al.A push-pull class E converter with improved PDM control[C]//2016 IEEE 7th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG), Vancouver, BC, 2016: 1-6.
[61] Rahnamaee H R, Thrimawithana D J, Madawala U K.MOSFET based multilevel converter for IPT systems[C]//IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), Busan, 2014: 295-300.
[62] Li Yong, Mai Ruikun, Lu Liwen, et al.Active and reactive currents decomposition-based control of angle and magnitude of current for a parallel multiinverter IPT system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016, 32(2): 1602-1614.
[63] Deng Qijun, Liu Jiangtao, Czarkowski D, et al.An inductive power transfer system supplied by a multiphase parallel inverter[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2017, 64(9): 7039-7048.
[64] Huang Runhong, Zhang Bo, Qiu Dongyuan, et al.Frequency splitting phenomena of magnetic resonant coupling wireless power transfer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2014, 50(11): 1-4.
[65] Ibrahim M, Bernard L, Pichon L, et al.Inductive charger for electric vehicle: advanced modeling and interoperability analysis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016, 31(12): 8096-8114.
[66] Ameri M H, Varjani A Y, Mohamadian M.A novel algorithm for tracking maximum inductive transferred power point[C]//4th Annual Internatiional Power Electronics, Drive Systems and Technologies Conference (PEDSTC), Tehran, 2013:372-377.
[67] Iguchi S, Yeon P, Fuketa H, et al.Wireless power transfer with zero-phase-difference capacitance control[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems I Regular Papers, 2017, 62(4): 938-947.
[68] Iguchi S, Yeon P, Fuketa H, et al.Zero phase difference capacitance control (ZPDCC) for magnetically resonant wireless power transmission[C]//IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPT), Perugia, 2013: 25-28.
[69] Seo D W, Lee J H.Frequency-tuning method using the reflection coefficient in a wireless power transfer system[J]. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 2017, 27(11): 959-961.
[70] Gati E, Kampitsis G, Manias S.Variable frequency controller for inductive power transfer in dynamic conditions[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016, 32(2): 1684-1696.
[71] Gati E, Kampitsis G, Stavropoulos I, et al.Wireless phase - locked loop control for inductive power transfer systems[C]//30th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Charlotte, 2015: 1601-1607.
[72] 傅文珍, 张波, 丘东元. 频率跟踪式谐振耦合电能无线传输系统研究[J]. 变频器世界, 2009(8): 41-46.
Fu Wenzhen, Zhang Bo, Qiu Dongyuan.Study on frequency-tracking wireless power transfer system by resonant coupling[J]. The World of Inverters, 2009(8): 41-46.
[73] Patil D, Sirico M, Lei G, et al.Maximum efficiency tracking in wireless power transfer for battery charger: Phase shift and frequency control[C]//IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Milwaukee, 2016: 1-8.
[74] Zhao Rui, Gladwin D T, Stone D A.Phase shift control based maximum efficiency point tracking in resonant wireless power system and its realization[C]//42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE-Industrial-Electronics-Society (IECON), Florence, 2016: 4541-4546.
[75] Zhong Wenxing, Hui S Y R. Maximum energy efficiency tracking for wireless power transfer systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2015, 30(7): 4025-4034.
[76] Dai Xin, Jiang Jincheng, Li Yanling, et al.Topology optimization and phase shift control for inductive power transfer with dual excitation units[C]//IEEE-PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies—Wireless Power Transfer (WoW), Chongqing, 2017: 300-304.
[77] Geng Yuyu, Yang Zhongping, Lin Fei, et al.Optimization of compensation capacitor for wireless power transfer system based on inverter loss[C]//13th IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), Hangzhou, 2016: 1-6.
[78] Buja G, Bertoluzzo M, Mude K N.Design and experimentation of WPT charger for electric city car[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2015, 62(12): 7436-7447.
[79] Nguyen B X, Vilathgamuwa D M, Foo G H B, et al. An efficiency optimization scheme for bidirectional inductive power transfer systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2015, 30(11): 6310-6319.
[80] Zhong Wenxing, Hui S Y R. Maximum energy efficiency operation of series-series resonant wireless power transfer systems using on-off keying modulation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2018, 33(4): 3595-3603.
[81] Choi J, Tsukiyama D, Rivas J.Comparison of SiC and eGaN devices in a 6.78 MHz 2.2 kW resonant inverter for wireless power transfer[C]//IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Milwaukee, 2016: 1-6.
[82] Yates D C, Aldhaher S, Mitcheson P D.A 100-W 94% efficient 6-MHz SiC class E inverter with a sub 2-W GaN resonant gate drive for IPT[C]//IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC), Aveiro, 2016: 1-3.
[83] Madsen M P, Pedersen J A, Knott A, et al.Self-oscillating resonant gate drive for resonant inverters and rectifiers composed solely of passive components[C]// 29th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Fort Worth, 2014: 2029-2035. |
|
|
|
2018, Vol. 33 
